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==Albemarle County==
==Albemarle County==
{| border="1"
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!Marker Name
! Marker Name !! Marker Text !! Marker Location !! Route Name
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!Marker Location
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|Advance Mills
| [[Advance Mills]]<ref>Advance Mills Register Nomination (DHR #002-5024); Archaeological Survey of the Proposed Advance Mills Bridge Replacement, Albemarle County (DHR #2007-0982)</ref>|| Villages such as Advance Mills were once common features of rural Virginia, serving as economic and social centers. Advance Mills grew around a single mill that [[John Fray]] constructed in [[1833]] on the north fork of the [[Rivanna River]]. By the twentieth century, Advance Mills had expanded to include facilities to process corn, flour, wool, sumac, and lumber for local farmers. A general store also sold goods to nearby residents. Industrialization, electricity, and the increasing efficiency of automobiles led to the disappearance of Advance Mills, as well as other similar communities around Virginia, in the latter half of the twentieth century. || Route 743, just west of bridge over the Rivanna River || Advance Mills Rd.
|Villages such as Advance Mills were once common features of rural Virginia, serving as economic and social centers. Advance Mills grew around a single mill that John Fray constructed in 1833 on the north fork of the Rivanna River. By the twentieth century, Advance Mills had expanded to include facilities to process corn, flour, wool, sumac, and lumber for local farmers. A general store also sold goods to nearby residents. Industrialization, electricity, and the increasing efficiency of automobiles led to the disappearance of Advance Mills, as well as other similar communities around Virginia, in the latter half of the twentieth century.
|Route 743, just west of bridge over the Rivanna River
|Advance Mills Rd.
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|Albemarle County/Nelson County
| [[Barclay House and Scottsville Museum]] || Here stands the Barclay House, built about 1830, later the home of Dr. James Turner Barclay, inventor for the U.S. Mint and missionary to Jerusalem. He founded the adjacent Disciples Church in [[1846]] and served as its first preacher. It is now the [[Scottsville Museum]]. || 290 Main Street || Main Street
|"Albemarle County 
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| Birthplace of [[George Rogers Clark]] || George Rogers Clark was born a mile northeast of here on 19 Nov. [[1752]]. He grew up on a farm in Caroline County. Clark explored the Ohio River Valley, fought in Dunmore’s War in [[1774]], and helped convince the [[General Assembly]] to organize Kentucky as a county of Virginia. As a militia officer during the Revolutionary War, he allied with French communities on the Mississippi River, defeated the British at Fort Sackville in present-day Indiana, and fought Shawnee Indians in the Ohio Country, strengthening Virginia’s claim to the Old Northwest. His younger brother, [[William Clark]], and [[Meriwether Lewis]] led the [[1803]]-[[1806]] Lewis and Clark Expedition to the Pacific Ocean. || Rte. 20, opposite intersection with Winding River Road || Stony Point Rd.
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|Albemarle County was formed in 1744 from Goochland County and named for William Anne Keppel, the second Earl of Albemarle, titular governor of Virginia from 1737 to 1754.  A portion of Louisa County was later added to Albemarle County.  In 1761, part of Albemarle County was divided to form Buckingham and Amherst Counties. President Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) was born in this county at Shadwell and here he built his home Monticello. The city of Charlottesville is the county seat and the home of the University of Virginia, chartered in 1819 and opened for instruction in 1825. Jefferson designed the university and supervised its construction.
| Birthplace of [[Meriwether Lewis]] || Half a mile north was born, [[1774]], Meriwether Lewis, of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, sent by [[Thomas Jefferson]] to explore the Far West, [[1804]]-[[1806]]. The expedition reached the mouth of the Columbia River, [[November 15]], [[1805]]. || Rte. 250, at intersection with Owensville Road || [[Ivy Rd.]]
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| [[Castle Hill]] || The original house was built in [[1765]] by Doctor [[Thomas Walker]], explorer and pioneer. Tarleton, raiding to [[Charlottesville]] to capture Jefferson and the legislature, stopped here for breakfast, [[June 4]], [[1781]]. This delay aided the patriots to escape. Castle Hill was long the home of Senator William Cabell Rives, who built the present house. || Rte. 231, at southwest corner of intersection with Keswick Winery Drive || Gordonsville Rd.
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|Nelson County   
| [[Colle]] || Philip Mazzei, a Tuscan merchant and horticulturist, arrived in Virginia in [[1773]] and was persuaded by Thomas Jefferson to settle here. Jefferson gave him 193 acres of land, and Mazzei named his property Colle (meaning “hill”). He built a house ca. [[1774]] and organized a company to produce wine, oil, and silk. Mazzei wrote tracts supporting American independence, and, during the Revolution, served in a militia unit and was Virginia’s agent to the Grand Duke of Tuscany. He rented Colle to Hessian prisoner of war Gen. Friedrich Riedesel in [[1779]]. The present French Colonial Revival house, designed by architect William Delano, was completed in [[1940]] for Stanley Woodward, a prominent diplomat. || Rte. 53, at entrance to Jefferson Vineyards || Thomas Jefferson Pkwy
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| Convention Army-[[The Barracks]]<ref>Philander Chase, “‘Years of Hardship and Revelations’: The Convention Army at Albemarle Barracks, 1779-1781,” in The Magazine of Albemarle County History Volume 41 (1983):9-54</ref><ref>William Minor Dabney, After Saratoga: The Story of the Convention Army (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1954)</ref><ref>George W. Knepper, “The Convention Army 1777-1783,” PhD Thesis, University of Michigan, 1954</ref> || In Jan. [[1779]], during the American Revolution, 4,000 British troops and German mercenaries (commonly known as “Hessians”) captured following the Battle of Saratoga in New York arrived here after marching from Massachusetts. It was called the Convention Army after the instrument of its surrender. Most prisoners lived in primitive huts spread out over several hundred acres of the barracks camp, where they endured great hardships. Supplying and guarding the Convention Army taxed the resources of the community and militia. By Feb. [[1781]], the last of the prisoners had been relocated. || Intersection of Barracks Farm Road and Barrackside Farm entrance || Barracks Farm Rd.
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|In the foothills of Virginia’s Piedmont, Nelson County was formed in 1807 from Amherst CountyThe county was named for Thomas Nelson, Jr., governor of Virginia from June to November 1781The county seat is Lovingston.  The Nelson County courthouse was built under the supervision of George Varnum in 1809, according to the plans submitted by Sheldon Crostwait, one of the justicesThough the courthouse has been modified and enlarged over the years, it is one of Virginia’s best-preserved historic court structures."
| [[Covesville]] Apple Industry<ref>Covesville Historic District, Virginia Landmarks Register File (002-5038), Department of Historic Resources, Richmond, Virginia</ref><ref>Chiles T.A. Larson, “Albemarle Pippins ‘…Eaten & Praised by Royal Lips’,” Journal of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 21, no. 1 (Autumn 1998): 28-32.</ref> || In [[1866]] Dr. William D. Boaz established the first commercial apple orchard in CovesvilleThese orchards specialized in the Albemarle Pippin, which became one of the most prized and profitable apple varieties grown in Virginia.  By [[1890]] the success of this variety, shipped as far away as England and France, helped the Boaz orchards become one of the most productive commercial orchards in VirginiaAs the business grew, it spurred the development of many of Covesville’s buildings, including apple-packing plants, cider mills, workers’ housing, stores, depots, and cooperages. Several of these sites remain within the Covesville Historic District, which is on the National Register of Historic Places. || Rte. 29, at Covesville post office, south of Charlottesville || Monacan Trail Rd.
|Rte. 250, at the county line, north side of road
|Rockfish Gap Turnpike
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|Albemarle County/Nelson County
| [[Crozet]] || The town grew around a rail stop established on Wayland's farm in [[1876]]. It was named for Col. B. [[Claudius Crozet]], ([[1789]]-[[1864]])--Napoleonic army officer, and the state's engineer and cartographer. He built this pioneer railway through the Blue Ridge. The 4273' tunnel through the rock-solid mountain below Rockfish Gap carried traffic from [[1858]]-[[1944]]. His talents were tested in solving safety, drainage and ventilation problems posed by the construction of this tunnel. || Rte. 240, in Crozet, at southern end of railroad underpass || Crozet Ave.
|"Albemarle County   
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| [[Earlysville Union Church]] || Earlysville Union Church is a rare surviving early-19th-century interdenominational church constructed in Albemarle County. Built in [[1833]], this frame structure served as a meetinghouse for all Christian denominations on land deeded by John Early, for whom Earlysville is named. This building provided an early home for several local congregations of the Baptist, Methodist, and Presbyterian faiths. The church is an excellent example of the 19th-century public architecture of rural Piedmont Virginia. It was listed on the [[Virginia Landmarks Register]] and the National Register of Historic Places in [[1997]]. || On Earlysville Road, but it sits in front of 505 St. Francis Avenue || Earlysville Rd.
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|Albemarle County was formed in 1744 from Goochland County and named for William Anne Keppel, the second Earl of Albemarle, titular governor of Virginia from 1737 to 1754. A portion of Louisa County was later added to Albemarle County. In 1761, part of Albemarle County was divided to form Buckingham and Amherst Counties. President Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) was born in this county at Shadwell and here he built his home Monticello. The city of Charlottesville is the county seat and the home of the University of Virginia, chartered in 1819 and opened for instruction in 1825. Jefferson designed the university and supervised its construction.
| [[Edgehill]] || William Randolph patented the Edgehill plantation, just to the north, in [[1735]]. His grandson, Thomas Mann Randolph, married Thomas Jefferson’s daughter Martha, acquired Edgehill in [[1792]], and was later governor of Virginia. The couple built a frame house ca. [[1799]] but resided mainly at nearby [[Monticello]]. Their son, Thomas Jefferson Randolph, erected a brick residence in [[1828]]. A workforce of enslaved African Americans lived at Edgehill. Martha Jefferson Randolph and her family operated a school for girls here; its successor, established after the Civil War, was a highly regarded women’s academy. The main house burned in [[1916]] but was rebuilt using the original walls. || Rte. 250, about 900 feet west of Louisa Road intersection || Richmond Rd.
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| [[Free State]]<ref>Kirt von Daacke, Freedom Has a Face: Race, Identity, and Community in Jefferson’s Virginia (Charlottesville, UVA Press, 2012). Phase I, II, and III archaeology reports for site 44AB374</ref> || Free State, a community of free African Americans, stood here. Its nucleus was a 224-acre tract that Amy Farrow, a free black woman, purchased in [[1788]]. Her son Zachariah Bowles lived here and married Critta Hemings of Monticello, an older sister of [[Sally Hemings]]. Free State residents farmed and practiced trades, accumulated personal property, and did business with local whites. The small community expanded after the Civil War and by early in the 20th century was home to the Free State Colored School and the Central Relief Association, a local benevolent society. || Belvedere Blvd. near intersection with Free State Road || Belvedere Blvd.
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|Nelson County   
| [[General Thomas Sumter]] || Thomas Sumter was born on 14 Aug. [[1734]] in this region. Sumter, a member of the Virginia militia during the French and Indian War, moved to South Carolina in [[1765]]. He served as a lieutenant colonel in the Continental Army ([[1776]]-[[1778]]); in June [[1780]] he came out of retirement. In Oct. [[1780]], he became a Brigadier General, and was instrumental in defeating the British in the Carolinas. He served in Congress ([[1789]]-[[1793]]; [[1797]]-[[1801]]) and was an U. S. senator ([[1801]]-[[1810]]). He died on 1 June [[1832]]. Sumter's name is also associated with the Civil War, because Fort Sumter is named for him. || Rte. 231, east side, between Lovers Lane and Klockner Road || Gordonsville Rd.
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| [[Grace Episcopal Church]] <ref>Barclay Rives, A History of Grace Church, 2nd ed. (Dexter, Michigan: Thompson-Shore, 2010)</ref><ref>“Grace Church,” National Register of Historic Places nomination (1976)</ref><ref>Grace Church Vestry Records, 1845-1992 (housed at Grace Church).</ref><ref>The Church Review and Ecclesiastical Register, vol. 8 (1855-56).</ref><ref>www.gracekeswick.org Calder Loth, ed., Virginia Landmarks Register, 14.</ref><ref>Melinda B. Freierson, “A Study of Five Episcopal Churches in Albemarle County, Virginia,” (Research Paper, University of Virginia School of Architecture, 1983).</ref><ref>William Meade, Old Churches, Ministers and Families of Virginia (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1857), 2:41-47.</ref><ref>Charles Wilder Watts, “Colonial Albemarle: The Social and Economic History of a Piedmont Virginia County 1727-1775,” (M.A. Thesis, University of Virginia, 1948).</ref>|| The vestry of Fredericksville Parish commissioned a church for this site in [[1745]]. First known as Middle Church, the wood-frame building was later called Walker’s Church. Thomas Jefferson attended the nearby classical school of the Rev. James Maury, who was rector here and is buried in the churchyard. Jefferson served on the parish vestry from [[1767]] to [[1770]]. Parishioner [[Judith Page Walker Rives]] enlisted William Strickland, one of the nation’s foremost architects, to design a replacement for the old frame church. The Gothic Revival sanctuary, consecrated by Bishop William Meade as Grace Church in [[1855]], is Strickland’s only known work in Virginia. || 5607 Gordonsville Road || Gordonsville Road
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|In the foothills of Virginia’s Piedmont, Nelson County was formed in 1807 from Amherst County. The county was named for Thomas Nelson, Jr., governor of Virginia from June to November 1781The county seat is Lovingston.  The Nelson County courthouse was built under the supervision of George Varnum in 1809, according to the plans submitted by Sheldon Crostwait, one of the justicesThough the courthouse has been modified and enlarged over the years, it is one of Virginia’s best-preserved historic court structures."
| [[Greenwood-Afton Rural Historic District]] || The Scots-Irish settled the Greenwood-Afton area in the 1730s, linking the agriculturally rich Shenandoah Valley with eastern Virginia. Settlement routes expanded into prominent roads and turnpikes.  In the 1850s the railroad arrived, with Claudius Crozet's [[Blue Ridge Tunnel]] becoming the longest tunnel in the United States when it opened in [[1858]]. The depot villages of [[Greenwood]] and [[Afton]] followed, drawing wealthy residents who built elaborate estatesSkyline Drive and the Blue Ridge Parkway, constructed in the 1930s, furthered the bucolic appeal of the region as a tourist destinationThe area was officially designated as the Greenwood-Afton Rural Historic District in 2011. || Rte. 250, north side, 400 feet west of intersection with Hillsboro Lane || Rockfish Gap Turnpike
|Rte. 29, at the county line, in the median
|Thomas Nelson Hwy
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|Barclay House and Scottsville Museum
| [[Hatton Ferry]] || James A. Brown began operating a store and ferry at this site on rented property in the late 1870s. In [[1881]] he bought the land from S. P. Gantt at which time the store became a stop on the Richmond and Alleghany Railroad. Two years later, Brown was authorized to open a post office in his store, which was named Hatton for the young federal postal officer who signed the authorizing documents. The ferry is one of only two poled ferries still functioning in the continental United States. || Rte. 625, at railroad crossing || Hatton Ferry Rd.
|Here stands the Barclay House, built about 1830, later the home of Dr. James Turner Barclay, inventor for the U.S. Mint and missionary to Jerusalem. He founded the adjacent Disciples Church in 1846 and served as its first preacher. It is now the Scottsville Museum.
|290 Main Street
|Main Street
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|Birthplace of George Rogers Clark
| [[Historic Scottsville]] || In [[1745]] Old Albemarle County was organized at Scott's landing, its first county seat, here on the Great Horseshoe Bend of the [[James River]]. In [[1818]] the town was incorporated as [[Scottsville]]. Beginning in [[1840]] it flourished as the chief port above Richmond for freight and passenger boats on the James River and Kanawha Canal. It played a vital role in the opening up of the west. The 1840s and '50s were its golden era. || Valley Street at intersection with Main St. || Valley St.
|George Rogers Clark was born a mile northeast of here on 19 Nov. 1752. He grew up on a farm in Caroline County. Clark explored the Ohio River Valley, fought in Dunmore’s War in 1774, and helped convince the General Assembly to organize Kentucky as a county of Virginia. As a militia officer during the Revolutionary War, he allied with French communities on the Mississippi River, defeated the British at Fort Sackville in present-day Indiana, and fought Shawnee Indians in the Ohio Country, strengthening Virginia’s claim to the Old Northwest. His younger brother, William, and Meriwether Lewis led the 1803-1806 Lewis and Clark Expedition to the Pacific Ocean.
|Rte. 20, opposite intersection with Winding River Road
|Stony Point Rd.
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|Birthplace of Meriwether Lewis
| [[Jackson's Valley Campaign]] || During the Shenandoah Valley Campaign (March-June [[1862]]) Confederate Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson used deceptive maneuvers and sharp attacks to divert Union forces from the Peninsula Campaign against Richmond. Late in April, Jackson’s men began an eastward march over the Blue Ridge Mountains, convincing the Federals that they were bound for Richmond. On 3 May, Jackson bivouacked at nearby [[Mechums River]] Station on the Virginia Central Railroad. The next day, part of his army returned to the Valley by train while the rest followed on foot. At the Battle of McDowell in the Allegheny Mountains on 8 May, Jackson defeated the vanguard of Union Maj. Gen. John C. Frémont's army. || Ivy Road, about 850 feet east of intersection with Three Notched Road and Rockfish Gap Turnpike || Ivy Rd.
|Half a mile north was born, 1774, Meriwether Lewis, of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, sent by Jefferson to explore the Far West, 1804-1806. The expedition reached the mouth of the Columbia River, November 15, 1805.
|Rte. 250, at intersection with Owensville Road
|Ivy Rd.
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|Castle Hill
| [[Maury's School]] || Just north was a classical school conducted by the Rev. James Maury, Rector of Fredericksville Parish from [[1754]] to [[1769]]. Thomas Jefferson was one of Maury's students. Matthew Fontaine Maury, the "Pathfinder of the Seas," was Maury's grandson. || Rte. 231, about 3/4ths mile north of intersection with Lindsay Road || Gordonsville Rd.
|The original house was built in 1765 by Doctor Thomas Walker, explorer and pioneer. Tarleton, raiding to Charlottesville to capture Jefferson and the legislature, stopped here for breakfast, June 4, 1781. This delay aided the patriots to escape. Castle Hill was long the home of Senator William Cabell Rives, who built the present house.
|Rte. 231, at southwest corner of intersection with Keswick Winery Drive
|Gordonsville Rd.
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|Colle
| [[Miller School]] || A bequest of [[Samuel Miller]] ([[1792]]-[[1869]]) provided funds to found the Miller School in [[1878]]. Miller, a Lynchburg businessman born in poverty in Albemarle County, envisioned a regional school for children who could not afford an education. The school was a pioneer in combining the value of hands-on labor with a liberal arts education. Coeducational from [[1884]] until [[1928]], then all male, the school became coeducational again in [[1992]]. Built on property once owned by Miller, the principal building ("Old Main") was designed by Albert Lybrock and D. Wiley Anderson in the High Victorian Gothic style. Miller School was listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register in [[1973]] and the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. || Rte. 635, main entrance of school || Miller School Rd.
|Philip Mazzei, a Tuscan merchant and horticulturist, arrived in Virginia in 1773 and was persuaded by Thomas Jefferson to settle here. Jefferson gave him 193 acres of land, and Mazzei named his property Colle (meaning “hill”). He built a house ca. 1774 and organized a company to produce wine, oil, and silk. Mazzei wrote tracts supporting American independence, and, during the Revolution, served in a militia unit and was Virginia’s agent to the Grand Duke of Tuscany. He rented Colle to Hessian prisoner of war Gen. Friedrich Riedesel in 1779. The present French Colonial Revival house, designed by architect William Delano, was completed in 1940 for Stanley Woodward, a prominent diplomat.
|Rte. 53, at entrance to Jefferson Vineyards
|Thomas Jefferson Pkwy
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|Convention Army-The Barracks
| [[Mirador]] || Nearby stands Mirador, the childhood home of Nancy, Viscountess Astor, the first woman member of Parliament. Born Nancy Witcher Langhorne in [[1879]], she lived here from [[1892]] to [[1897]]. In [[1906]] she married Waldorf Astor and moved to England permanently. Mirador also was home to her sister Irene, wife of Charles Dana Gibson and model for the Gibson Girl of the 1890s. New York architect William Adams Delano remodeled Mirador in the 1920s for Lady Astor's niece, Mrs. Ronald (Nancy Perkins) Tree. Later, as Nancy Lancaster, she greatly influenced interior design by creating the "English country house look." || Rte. 250, about 1/4 mile west of intersection with Greenwood Road || Rockfish Gap Tpke.
|In Jan. 1779, during the American Revolution, 4,000 British troops and German mercenaries (commonly known as “Hessians”) captured following the Battle of Saratoga in New York arrived here after marching from Massachusetts. It was called the Convention Army after the instrument of its surrender. Most prisoners lived in primitive huts spread out over several hundred acres of the barracks camp, where they endured great hardships. Supplying and guarding the Convention Army taxed the resources of the community and militia. By Feb. 1781, the last of the prisoners had been relocated.
|Intersection of Barracks Farm Road and Barrackside Farm entrance
|Barracks Farm Rd.
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|Covesville Apple Industry
| [[Monacan Indian Village]]<ref>David Bushnell, "The Indian Grave" A Monacan Site in Albemarle County, Virginia, William & Mary Quarterly 23(1914): 106-112.</ref><ref>Bushnell, David, The Five Monacan Towns in Virginia, 1607 (Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections Volume 82, #12, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., 1930).</ref><ref>Jeffrey L. Hantman, "Between Powhatan and Quirank: Reconstructing Monacan Culture and History in the Context of Jamestown, Paper, September 1988.</ref><ref>Jeffrey L. Hantman, "Monacan Archaeology of the Virginia Interior, A.D. 1400 –1700," in David S. Brose, C. Wesley Cowan, and Robert C. Mainfort, Jr., eds., Societies in Eclipse: Archaeology of the Eastern Woodlands Indians, A.D. 1400-1700 (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001),107-123.</ref><ref>C.G. Holland, "Albemarle County Settlements: A Piedmont Model?," The Archeological Society of Virginia 33 (December 1978): 29-44.</ref><ref>Monacan Indian Nation, http://indians.vipnet.org/tribes/monacan.cfm, 17 October 2005.</ref><ref>Cheryl Pellerin, "Righting History: Following in the Footsteps of Thomas Jefferson, Jeffrey Hantman's Excavation of a Monacan Indian Village is Setting the Historical Record Straight," American Archaeology 5 (Spring 2001): 29-33.</ref> || Near here, on both sides of the Rivanna River, was located the Monacan Indian village of [[Monasukapanough]].  This village was one of five Monacan towns that Captain John Smith recorded by name on his 1612 Map of Virginia, though many more existed.  Monasukapanough was a chief's village and was occupied for several centuries until it was abandoned in the late seventeenth or early eighteenth century. Monacan descendants still reside throughout the central Virginia area. The tribe's headquarters today is on Bear Mountain in Amherst County. || Rio Mills Road, 70 feet from northwest corner of Seminole Trail intersection || Rio Mills Road
|In 1866 Dr. William D. Boaz established the first commercial apple orchard in Covesville. These orchards specialized in the Albemarle Pippin, which became one of the most prized and profitable apple varieties grown in Virginia. By 1890 the success of this variety, shipped as far away as England and France, helped the Boaz orchards become one of the most productive commercial orchards in Virginia. As the business grew, it spurred the development of many of Covesville’s buildings, including apple-packing plants, cider mills, workers’ housing, stores, depots, and cooperages. Several of these sites remain within the Covesville Historic District, which is on the National Register of Historic Places.
|Rte. 29, at Covesville post office, south of Charlottesville
|Monacan Trail Rd.
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|Crozet
| [[Proffit Historic District]]<ref>National Register of Historic Places Nomination File (002-5019), Department of Historic Resources.</ref>
|The town grew around a rail stop established on Wayland's farm in 1876. It was named for Col. B. Claudius Crozet, (1789-1864)--Napoleonic army officer, and the state's engineer and cartographer. He built this pioneer railway through the Blue Ridge. The 4273' tunnel through the rock-solid mountain below Rockfish Gap carried traffic from 1858-1944. His talents were tested in solving safety, drainage and ventilation problems posed by the construction of this tunnel.
 
|Rte. 240, in Crozet, at southern end of railroad underpass
|| Ben Brown and other newly freed slaves, who founded the community after the Civil War, first named the settlement Egypt and then Bethel. About 1881, the community became known as [[Proffit]] when the Virginia Midland Railway placed a stop here, stimulating further development between [[1890]] and [[1916]] by white landowners who built along Proffit Road. Prominent reminders of Proffit's black heritage are Evergreen Baptist Church, built in [[1891]], and several houses constructed by the Brown and Flannagan families in the 1880s. The district was listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register in [[1998]] and the National Register of Historic Places in [[1999]]. || Mossing Ford Road, at fork with Proffit Road || Mossing Ford Rd.
|Crozet Ave.
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| [[Revolutionary Soldiers Graves]] || Jesse Pitman Lewis (d. [[March 8]], [[1849]]), of the Virginia Militia, and Taliaferro Lewis (d. [[July 12]], [[1810]]), of the Continental Line, two of several brothers who fought in the war for independence, are buried in the Lewis family cemetery 100 yards south of this marker. || Rte. 250, 50 feet west of intersection with Colonade Drive || Ivy Rd.
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| [[Rio Mills]] || The 19th-century mill village of Rio Mills stood 600 yards west of here, where the former Harrisonburg-Charlottesville Turnpike crossed the South Fork of the Rivanna River. Following the Battle of Rio Hill on 29 February [[1864]], Union General George Armstrong Custer burned the covered bridge and gristmill at Rio Mills. Immediately rebuilt under the direction of Abraham L. Hildebrand, the gristmill continued to grind wheat and corn for the Confederacy. The milling operation apparently closed down soon after [[1900]]. || Rio Mills Road, 80 feet west of northwest intersection with Seminole Trail || Rio Mills Road
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|Earlysville Union Church
| [[Shadwell]], Birthplace of Thomas Jefferson || Thomas Jefferson--author of the Declaration of Independence, third president of the United States, and founder of the [[University of Virginia]]--was born near this site on 13 April [[1743]]. His father, Peter Jefferson ([[1708]]-[[1757]]), a surveyor, planter, and officeholder, began acquiring land in this frontier region in the mid-1730s and had purchased the Shadwell tract by [[1741]]. Peter Jefferson built a house soon after, and the Shadwell plantation became a thriving agricultural estate. Thomas Jefferson spent much of his early life at Shadwell. After the house burned to the ground in [[1770]], he moved to Monticello, where he had begun constructing a house. || Rte. 250, about a quarter mile west of the VDOT headquarters entrance || Richmond Rd.
|Earlysville Union Church is a rare surviving early-19th-century interdenominational church constructed in Albemarle County. Built in 1833, this frame structure served as a meetinghouse for all Christian denominations on land deeded by John Early, for whom Earlysville is named. This building provided an early home for several local congregations of the Baptist, Methodist, and Presbyterian faiths. The church is an excellent example of the 19th-century public architecture of rural Piedmont Virginia. It was listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.
|On Earlysville Road, but it sits in front of 505 St. Francis Avenue
|Earlysville Rd.
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|Edgehill
| [[Skirmish at Rio Hill]] || On [[February 29]], [[1864]], General George A. Custer and 1500 cavalrymen made a diversionary raid into Albemarle County. Here, north of Charlottesville, he attacked the Confederate winter camp of four batteries of the Stuart Horse Artillery commanded by Captain Marcellus N. Moorman. Despite the destruction to the camp, 200 Confederates rallied in a counterattack which forced Custer's withdrawal. Few casualties were reported. || Rio Hill Center, at the Rio Hill Shopping Center || Rio Hill Center
|William Randolph patented the Edgehill plantation, just to the north, in 1735. His grandson, Thomas Mann Randolph, married Thomas Jefferson’s daughter Martha, acquired Edgehill in 1792, and was later governor of Virginia. The couple built a frame house ca. 1799 but resided mainly at nearby Monticello. Their son, Thomas Jefferson Randolph, erected a brick residence in 1828. A workforce of enslaved African Americans lived at Edgehill. Martha Jefferson Randolph and her family operated a school for girls here; its successor, established after the Civil War, was a highly regarded women’s academy. The main house burned in 1916 but was rebuilt using the original walls.
|Rte. 250, about 900 feet west of Louisa Road intersection
|Richmond Rd.
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|Free State
| [[Southern Albemarle Rural Historic District]]<ref>Anderson, James D. The education of blacks in the South, 1860-1935. (Chapel Hill, NC, The University of North Carolina Press, 1988.)</ref><ref>Bearss, Sara B. and John T. Kneebone, et. Al. Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Vol. 2. Richmond, VA: The Library of Virginia. Downing, Andrew Jackson. The Architecture of Country Houses. 1850. Reprint, New York: Dover Publications, 1981.</ref><ref>Hamlin, Talbot. Greek Revival Architecture in America. New York, NY: Dover Publications, 1944.</ref><ref>Langhorne, Elizabeth Coles, K. Edward Lay, and William D. Rieley. A Virginia Family and Its Plantation Houses. University Press of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, 1987.</ref> || Bounded by the James River to the south and the Rivanna River to the north, this nationally significant district encompasses 83,627 acres.  Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in [[2007]], it includes buildings influenced by Jefferson’s Classical Revival ideals.  The beauty of the Piedmont landscape is revealed in the panoramic vistas, farmlands, and vineyards. The district reflects the architectural and cultural influences of former residents Thomas Jefferson and [[James Monroe]]. The landscape remains predominantly agricultural with large farm complexes, historic villages, and an early transportation network of roads and waterways. || Scottsville Road, south end of Carter's Bridge over the Hardware River || Scottsville Rd.
|Free State, a community of free African Americans, stood here. Its nucleus was a 224-acre tract that Amy Farrow, a free black woman, purchased in 1788. Her son Zachariah Bowles lived here and married Critta Hemings of Monticello, an older sister of Sally Hemings. Free State residents farmed and practiced trades, accumulated personal property, and did business with local whites. The small community expanded after the Civil War and by early in the 20th century was home to the Free State Colored School and the Central Relief Association, a local benevolent society.
|Belvedere Blvd. near intersection with Free State Road
|Belvedere Blvd.
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|-
|General Thomas Sumter
| [[Southwest Mountains Rural Historic District]]<ref>Charlotte D. Buttick and Tamara A. Vance, Southwest Mountains Area Natural Resource and Historic Preservation Study (Charlottesville: Piedmont Environmental Council, November 1989).</ref><ref>Garrows & Associates, “From Monacans to Monticello and Beyond: Prehistoric and Historic Contexts for Albemarle County, Virginia, May 1995.</ref><ref>Southwest Mountains Rural Historic District, National Register of Historic Places Archives File (02-1832), Department of Historic Resources.</ref> || Extending from the [[Orange County]] line on the north to the outskirts of Charlottesville with the Southwest Mountains forming its spine, this historic district encompasses more than 31,000 acres and contains some of the Piedmont’s most pristine and scenic countryside. Thomas Jefferson often traveled along the eastern side of the Southwest Mountains to Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. and referred to the mountains as the “Eden of the United States.” The district includes a broad range of 18th through early 20th century rural architecture, reflecting the evolving cultural patterns of more than 250 years of settlement. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in [[1992]]. || Rte. 22, at intersection with [[Keswick]] Road || Louisa Rd.
|Thomas Sumter was born on 14 Aug. 1734 in this region. Sumter, a member of the Virginia militia during the French and Indian War, moved to South Carolina in 1765. He served as a lieutenant colonel in the Continental Army (1776-1778); in June 1780 he came out of retirement. In Oct. 1780, he became a Brigadier General, and was instrumental in defeating the British in the Carolinas. He served in Congress (1789-1793; 1797-1801) and was an U. S. senator (1801-1810). He died on 1 June 1832. Sumter's name is also associated with the Civil War, because Fort Sumter is named for him.
|Rte. 231, east side, between Lovers Lane and Klockner Road
|Gordonsville Rd.
|-
|-
|Grace Episcopal Church
| [[St. John School]]--Rosenwald Funded<ref>Fisk University Rosenwald Database Southwest Mountains Rural Historic District National Register nomination (1992).</ref><ref>St. John School Rehabilitation Best Practices Manual (June 2014).</ref><ref>Albemarle County Deed, 25 June 1957.</ref><ref>http://www.stjohnfamilylife.org/ http://www.locohistory.org/blog/albemarle/2008/09/29/rosenwald-schools/</ref> || The St. John School, built here in [[1922]]-[[1923]], served African American students during the segregation era. Julius Rosenwald, president of Sears, Roebuck and Co., collaborated with Booker T. Washington in a school-building campaign beginning in [[1912]]. The Rosenwald Fund, incorporated in 1917, helped build more than 5,000 schools and supporting structures for African Americans in the rural South by [[1932]]. The Rosenwald Fund contributed $700 for the St. John School, while local residents donated $500 and Albemarle County provided $1,300. The two-classroom school closed during the 1950s and was later purchased by St. John Baptist Church. || 1569 St. John Road || St. John Road
|The vestry of Fredericksville Parish commissioned a church for this site in 1745. First known as Middle Church, the wood-frame building was later called Walker’s Church. Thomas Jefferson attended the nearby classical school of the Rev. James Maury, who was rector here and is buried in the churchyard. Jefferson served on the parish vestry from 1767 to 1770. Parishioner Judith Page Walker Rives enlisted William Strickland, one of the nation’s foremost architects, to design a replacement for the old frame church. The Gothic Revival sanctuary, consecrated by Bishop William Meade as Grace Church in 1855, is Strickland’s only known work in Virginia.
|5607 Gordonsville Road
|Gordonsville Road
|-
|-
|Greenwood-Afton Rural Historic District
| [[Staunton and James River Turnpike]] || The Staunton and James River Turnpike ran through here at [[Batesville]] and stretched for 43 ½ miles from Staunton to Scottsville. Construction began in [[1826]] and was completed by [[1830]]. The turnpike provided a direct route for Shenandoah Valley farmers to transport agricultural products to Scottsville, then to Richmond via the James River and Kanawha Canal. Because the turnpike became impassable during wet weather, it was converted to a plank road (wooden boards laid crosswise to the road surface) beginning in [[1849]]. The emergence of the railroad industry and the high cost of maintenance resulted in its disuse by the late 1850s and eventual incorporation into the country's road system. || Rte. 692, at Batesville, between Schoolhouse Hill and Miller School Road || Plank Rd.
|The Scots-Irish settled the Greenwood-Afton area in the 1730s, linking the agriculturally rich Shenandoah Valley with eastern Virginia. Settlement routes expanded into prominent roads and turnpikes. In the 1850s the railroad arrived, with Claudius Crozet's Blue Ridge Tunnel becoming the longest tunnel in the United States when it opened in 1858. The depot villages of Greenwood and Afton followed, drawing wealthy residents who built elaborate estates.  Skyline Drive and the Blue Ridge Parkway, constructed in the 1930s, furthered the bucolic appeal of the region as a tourist destination. The area was officially designated as the Greenwood-Afton Rural Historic District in 2011.
|Rte. 250, north side, 400 feet west of intersection with Hillsboro Lane
|Rockfish Gap Turnpike
|-
|-
|Hatton Ferry
| [[Union Occupation of Charlottesville]]<ref>The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Prepared Under the Direction of the Secretary of War by Robert N. Scott, 129 vols. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1880-1901), 65:126, 476-477.</ref><ref>Anne Freudenberg and John Casteen, eds., “John B. Minor’s Civil War Diary,” The Magazine of Albemarle County History, 21 (1962-1963): 45-55.</ref><ref>Philip H. Sheridan, The Personal Memoirs of P.H. Sheridan (New York: Da Capo Press, 1888), 347.</ref> || On 3 Mar. [[1865]], after the Battle of [[Waynesboro]], Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan's Union Army of the Shenandoah entered Charlottesville. As Bvt. Maj. Gen. George A. Custer’s 3d Cavalry Division arrived, Mayor Christopher L. Fowler, local officials, and University of Virginia professors Socrates Maupin and John B. Minor, likely with rector Thomas L. Preston, met Custer on the University Grounds. Fowler surrendered the town and keys to the public buildings. The professors asked that the University be protected as a national asset. Custer agreed, posting guards during a three-day occupation. The University suffered little damage, unlike the Virginia Military Institute, which was burned in June 1864. || Rte. 250, about 100 feet west of Colonnade Drive intersection || Ivy Rd.
|James A. Brown began operating a store and ferry at this site on rented property in the late 1870s. In 1881 he bought the land from S. P. Gantt at which time the store became a stop on the Richmond and Alleghany Railroad. Two years later, Brown was authorized to open a post office in his store, which was named Hatton for the young federal postal officer who signed the authorizing documents. The ferry is one of only two poled ferries still functioning in the continental United States.
|Rte. 625, at railroad crossing
|Hatton Ferry Rd.
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|-
|Historic Scottsville
| [[Wilson Cary Nicholas]] 1761--1820<ref>Boroughs, Jason, Dawn Chapman, and LeNora King, under the direction of K. Edward Lay, “Mount Warren” in Virginia Road Traces (VRT), James River Road Survey, Structure No. 9, Charlottesville, Virginia: School of Architecture, University of Virginia, 1996, pp.75-82.</ref><ref> Hall, Virginius Cornick, Jr. “Portraits in the Collection of the Virginia Historical Society,” Virginia Historical Society, Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia, 1981, p. 183.</ref><ref>Lay, K. Edward, “The Architecture of Jefferson Country,” Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia, 2000, p. 209.</ref><ref>“Jefferson’s Albemarle, a Guide to Albemarle County and the City of Charlottesville, Virginia,” compiled by workers of the Writers’ Program of the Works Projects Administration in the State of Virginia, American Guide Series, 1941, p. 84.</ref><ref> Shackelford, George Green, “Collected Papers of the Monticello Association of the Descendants of Thomas Jefferson,” vol. II, Charlottesville, VA: Monticello Association, 1984, pp. 217-8.</ref><ref>Golladay, V. Denis, “The Nicholas Family and Albemarle County Political Leadership, 1782-1790,” the Magazine of Albemarle County History, vol. 35, 1977; vol. 36, 1978, Albemarle County Historical Society, pp. 123-135.</ref><ref>Ibid., “The Nicholas Family of Virginia 1722-1820,” University of Virginia PhD., 1973, pp. 91, 228-230, 295-297.</ref><ref> Mutual Assurance Society Policy for Mount Warren Plantation owned by Wilson Cary Nicholas, 1805 D, no. 18, 16 July 1805.</ref><ref>Patent Book no. 13, 13 Jan. 1729, p. 424.</ref><ref>Ancestry chart of Nicholas Family compiled by Richard L. Nicholas.</ref><ref>Agreement of John Nicholas, George Nicholas, and Robert Carter Nicholas of 15 April, 1752, to Partition the Lands left to them by their father George Nicholas. Transcription of original document in the Edgehill-Randolph Papers at the University of Virginia.</ref><ref>Green Peyton Map of Albemarle County 1875. Road Map Albemarle County, Virginia Department of Transportation.</ref> || Just to the south was Mount Warren, the home of Wilson Cary Nicholas. He served in the Continental army, represented Albemarle County in the General Assembly ([[1784]]–[[1789]], [[1794]]–[[1799]]), and was a delegate to the Virginia Convention of [[1788]] that approved the United States Constitution. Nicholas was a member of the U. S. Senate ([[1799]]–[[1804]]), served in the House of Representatives ([[1807]] - [[1809]]), and was governor of Virginia ([[1814]]–[[1816]]). A close personal friend and political ally of Thomas Jefferson, Nicholas is buried at Monticello. || Rte. 726, about a quarter-mile east of intersection with Rte. 627 || James River Rd.
|In 1745 Old Albemarle County was organized at Scott's landing, its first county seat, here on the Great Horseshoe Bend of the James River. In 1818 the town was incorporated as Scottsville. Beginning in 1840 it flourished as the chief port above Richmond for freight and passenger boats on the James River and Kanawha Canal. It played a vital role in the opening up of the west. The 1840s and '50s were its golden era.
|}
|Valley Street at intersection with Main St.
 
|Valley St.
==Charlottesville==
{| class="wikitable"
! Marker Name !! Marker Text !! Marker Location
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|-
|Jackson's Valley Campaign
| [[Buck v. Bell]] || In [[1924]], Virginia, like a majority of states then, enacted eugenic sterilization laws. Virginia's law allowed state institutions to operate on individuals to prevent the conception of what were believed to be "genetically inferior" children. Charlottesville native [[Carrie Buck]] ([[1906]]-[[1983]]), involuntarily committed to a state facility near Lynchburg, was chosen as the first person to be sterilized under the new law. The U.S. Supreme Court, in Buck v. Bell, on 2 May [[1927]], affirmed the Virginia law. After Buck more than 8,000 other Virginians were sterilized before the most relevant parts of the act were repealed in [[1974]]. Later evidence eventually showed that Buck and many others had no "hereditary defects." She is buried south of here. || 800 Preston Avenue
|During the Shenandoah Valley Campaign (March-June 1862) Confederate Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson used deceptive maneuvers and sharp attacks to divert Union forces from the Peninsula Campaign against Richmond. Late in April, Jackson’s men began an eastward march over the Blue Ridge Mountains, convincing the Federals that they were bound for Richmond. On 3 May, Jackson bivouacked at nearby Mechum's River Station on the Virginia Central Railroad. The next day, part of his army returned to the Valley by train while the rest followed on foot. At the Battle of McDowell in the Allegheny Mountains on 8 May, Jackson defeated the vanguard of Union Maj. Gen. John C. Frémont's army.
|Ivy Road, about 850 feet east of intersection with Three Notched Road and Rockfish Gap Turnpike
|Ivy Rd.
|-
|-
|Maury's School
| [[C. B. Holt Rock House]]<ref>U. S. Census Records, 1860, 1880, North Carolina, Almanance County. Holt listings in Charlottesville City Directories 1904, 1910, 1916, 1919, 1924, 1931. advertisement for C. B. Holt, “Umbrella Hospital,” Daily Progress. Notes on Virginia, 2006 (#50). http://www.dailyprograss.com/servlet/Satellite? National Register of Historic Places, April 14, 2006.</ref> || African American Charles B. Holt owned a carpentry business in Charlottesville’s [[Vinegar Hill]] neighborhood. The son of former slaves, Holt built this Arts and Crafts–style house in [[1925]]–[[1926]], during the era of segregation when blacks were more than a quarter of the city's population but owned less than one-tenth of its private land. He lived here with his wife, Mary Spinner, until his death in [[1950]]. Later Holt’s stepson, Roy C. Preston, and his wife, Asalie Minor Preston, moved in. After a distinguished career teaching in Albemarle County’s segregated black public schools, Asalie Preston endowed the [[Minor-Preston Educational Fund]] to provide college scholarships. || 1010 Preston Avenue
|Just north was a classical school conducted by the Rev. James Maury, Rector of Fredericksville Parish from 1754 to 1769. Thomas Jefferson was one of Maury's students. Matthew Fontaine Maury, the "Pathfinder of the Seas," was Maury's grandson.
|Rte. 231, about 3/4ths mile north of intersection with Lindsay Road
|Gordonsville Rd.
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|Miller School
| Charlottesville || The site was patented by William Taylor in [[1737]]. The town was established by law in [[1762]], and was named for Queen Charlotte, wife of George III. Burgoyne's army, captured at Saratoga in [[1777]], was long quartered near here. The legislature was in session here, in June, [[1781]], but retired westward to escape Tarleton's raid on the town. Jefferson, who lived at Monticello, founded the University of Virginia in [[1819]]. || Rte. 250 westbound, just west of the Rivanna River bridge
|A bequest of Samuel Miller (1792-1869) provided funds to found the Miller School in 1878. Miller, a Lynchburg businessman born in poverty in Albemarle County, envisioned a regional school for children who could not afford an education. The school was a pioneer in combining the value of hands-on labor with a liberal arts education. Coeducational from 1884 until 1928, then all male, the school became coeducational again in 1992. Built on property once owned by Miller, the principal building ("Old Main") was designed by Albert Lybrock and D. Wiley Anderson in the High Victorian Gothic style. Miller School was listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register in 1973 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
|Rte. 635, main entrance of school
|Miller School Rd.
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|Mirador
| Charlottesville || The site was patented by William Taylor in [[1737]]. The town was established by law in [[1762]], and was named for Queen Charlotte, wife of George III. Burgoyne's army, captured at Saratoga in [[1777]], was long quartered near here. The legislature was in session here, in June, [[1781]], but retired westward to escape Tarleton's raid on the town. Jefferson, who lived at Monticello, founded the University of Virginia in [[1819]]. || Rte. 20, Carlton Road and Blenheim Avenue
|Nearby stands Mirador, the childhood home of Nancy, Viscountess Astor, the first woman member of Parliament. Born Nancy Witcher Langhorne in 1879, she lived here from 1892 to 1897. In 1906 she married Waldorf Astor and moved to England permanently. Mirador also was home to her sister Irene, wife of Charles Dana Gibson and model for the Gibson Girl of the 1890s. New York architect William Adams Delano remodeled Mirador in the 1920s for Lady Astor's niece, Mrs. Ronald (Nancy Perkins) Tree. Later, as Nancy Lancaster, she greatly influenced interior design by creating the "English country house look."
|Rte. 250, about 1/4 mile west of intersection with Greenwood Road
|Rockfish Gap Tpke.
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|Monacan Indian Village
| Charlottesville || The site was patented by William Taylor in [[1737]]. The town was established by law in [[1762]], and was named for Queen Charlotte, wife of George III. Burgoyne's army, captured at Saratoga in [[1777]], was long quartered near here. The legislature was in session here, in June, [[1781]], but retired westward to escape Tarleton's raid on the town. Jefferson, who lived at Monticello, founded the University of Virginia in [[1819]].|| Business Rte. 29, southbound between Appletree and Piedmont Aves.
|Near here, on both sides of the Rivanna River, was located the Monacan Indian village of Monasukapanough. This village was one of five Monacan towns that Captain John Smith recorded by name on his 1612 Map of Virginia, though many more existed. Monasukapanough was a chief's village and was occupied for several centuries until it was abandoned in the late seventeenth or early eighteenth century. Monacan descendants still reside throughout the central Virginia area. The tribe's headquarters today is on Bear Mountain in Amherst County.
|Rio Mills Road, 70 feet from northwest corner of Seminole Trail intersection
|Rio Mills Road
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|Proffit Historic District
| Charlottesville General Hospital<ref>James O. Breeden, “Insights Into the Medical Statistics of the Charlottesville, General Hospital, 1861-1865,” Magazine of Albemarle County History 30 (1972): 43-59</ref><ref>halmers L. Gemmill, “The Charlottesville General Hospital,” Magazine of Albemarle County 22 (1963-1964): 91-160</ref><ref>John Hammond Moore, Albemarle, Jefferson’s County, 1727–1976 (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1976), 202-205</ref> || During the Civil War, the [[Rotunda]] at the University of Virginia, the Charlottesville town hall and the courthouse, as well as nearby homes and hotels were converted into a makeshift hospital complex called the Charlottesville General Hospital. It treated more than 22,000 wounded soldiers between [[1861]] and [[1865]]. The first of the wounded arrived by train within hours of the First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) in July [[1861]]. One of the facilities, known as the Mudwall or [[Delevan]] Hospital, received wounded soldiers as they arrived at the adjacent railroad depot. || Corner of Jefferson Park Avenue and West Main Street.
|Ben Brown and other newly freed slaves, who founded the community after the Civil War, first named the settlement Egypt and then Bethel. About 1881, the community became known as Proffit when the Virginia Midland Railway placed a stop here, stimulating further development between 1890 and 1916 by white landowners who built along Proffit Road. Prominent reminders of Proffit's black heritage are Evergreen Baptist Church, built in 1891, and several houses constructed by the Brown and Flannagan families in the 1880s. The district was listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register in 1998 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.
|Mossing Ford Road, at fork with Proffit Road
|Mossing Ford Rd.
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|-
|Revolutionary Soldiers Graves
| [[Charlottesville Woolen Mills]]<ref>Charlottesville Woolen Mills, National Register of Historic Places Nomination File (02- 1260), DHR; K. Edward Lay, The Architecture of Jefferson Country, Charlottesville and Albemarle County, Virginia (Charlottesville and London: University Press of Virginia, 2000), 162-165</ref><ref>Andy Meyers, “The Charlottesville Woolen Mills: Working Life, Wartime, and the Walkout of 1918,” Magazine of Albemarle County 53 (1995): 70-113</ref><ref>John Hammond Moore, Albemarle, Jefferson’s County, 1727–1976 (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1976), 173, 261-262</ref><ref>Harry E. Poindexter, “Henry Clay Marchant and the Foundations of the Charlottesville Woolen Mills, 1865-1882,” Magazine of Albemarle County 14 (1955): 26-45.</ref> || As early as [[1795]], several types of mills operated here. In [[1847]], Farish, Jones, and Co., opened a cotton and woolen factory. John A. Marchant gained control of it by [[1852]] and renamed it the Charlottesville Manufacturing Company. His son, Henry Clay Marchant, bought it in [[1864]]. Although the Union army burned the factory in [[1865]], Marchant reopened it in [[1867]] as the Charlottesville Woolen Mills, which became Albemarle's largest industry. A community grew up around the mill and Marchant built worker houses and a chapel. By the 1880s the mill specialized in making cloth for uniforms; it remained in operation until [[1964]]. || 1819 E. Market St.
|Jesse Pitman Lewis (d. March 8, 1849), of the Virginia Militia, and Taliaferro Lewis (d. July 12, 1810), of the Continental Line, two of several brothers who fought in the war for independence, are buried in the Lewis family cemetery 100 yards south of this marker.
|Rte. 250, 50 feet west of intersection with Colonade Drive
|Ivy Rd.
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|Rio Mills
| [[Dogwood Vietnam Memorial]]<ref>Donald C. Harrison, Distant Patrol: Virginia and the Vietnam War (Virginia Korean-Vietnam War History Council and Department of Historic Resources, 1989).</ref><ref>Charlottesville Daily Progress, 20, 21 Apr. 1966, 24 Apr. 2015.</ref><ref>Correspondence with Marc Leepson of Vietnam Veterans of America</ref><ref>Crozet Gazette, 6 May 2016.</ref><ref>Jim Shisler, “Charlottesville Dogwood Vietnam Memorial…A History.”</ref><ref>List of Vietnam Memorials, http://warriorsremembered.com</ref> || The Dogwood Vietnam Memorial, a project of the Charlottesville [[Dogwood Festival]], Inc., was conceived late in [[1965]] after news arrived of the first casualty of the Vietnam War from this area. Consisting of a plaza with a plaque and flagpole, the memorial was dedicated on 20 Apr. [[1966]] and is believed to be the nation’s first public Vietnam veterans’ memorial. The site honors all who served the United States during the war, especially those from Charlottesville and Albemarle County who gave their lives. The memorial, known as “the hill that heals,” was renovated and expanded in [[2014]]-[[2015]]. || in [[McIntire Park]], on John W. Warner Parkway, northwest corner with Rte. 250
|The 19th-century mill village of Rio Mills stood 600 yards west of here, where the former Harrisonburg-Charlottesville Turnpike crossed the South Fork of the Rivanna River. Following the Battle of Rio Hill on 29 February 1864, Union General George Armstrong Custer burned the covered bridge and gristmill at Rio Mills. Immediately rebuilt under the direction of Abraham L. Hildebrand, the gristmill continued to grind wheat and corn for the Confederacy. The milling operation apparently closed down soon after 1900.
|Rio Mills Road, 80 feet west of northwest intersection with Seminole Trail
|Rio Mills Road
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|Shadwell, Birthplace of Thomas Jefferson
| [[Edgar Allan Poe]] || Edgar Allan Poe ([[1809]]-[[1849]])--writer, poet, and critic--was born in Boston, Mass. Orphaned at a young age, Poe was raised by John and Frances Allan of Richmond. He attended schools in England and Richmond before enrolling at the University of Virginia on 14 Feb. [[1826]] for one term, living in No. 13 West Range. He took classes in the Ancient and Modern Languages. While at the university, Poe accumulated debts that John Allan refused to pay. Poe left the university and briefly returned to Richmond, before moving to Boston in Mar. [[1827]]. Some of his best-known writings include the Raven, Annabel Lee, and the Tell-Tale Heart. He also edited the Southern Literary Messenger in Richmond from [[1835]] to [[1837]]. Poe died in Baltimore, Md. || [[McCormick Road]], between Mews and Poe Alleys
|Thomas Jefferson--author of the Declaration of Independence, third president of the United States, and founder of the University of Virginia--was born near this site on 13 April 1743. His father, Peter Jefferson (1708-1757), a surveyor, planter, and officeholder, began acquiring land in this frontier region in the mid-1730s and had purchased the Shadwell tract by 1741. Peter Jefferson built a house soon after, and the Shadwell plantation became a thriving agricultural estate. Thomas Jefferson spent much of his early life at Shadwell. After the house burned to the ground in 1770, he moved to Monticello, where he had begun constructing a house.
|Rte. 250, about a quarter mile west of the VDOT headquarters entrance
|Richmond Rd.
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|Skirmish at Rio Hill
| [[Enderly]]<ref>Bakeless, John. Spies of the Confederacy (1970), 176-178.</ref><ref> City of Charlottesville. “Official Website.” Web, accessed 9 March 2013. http://www.charlottesville.org/index.aspx?page=2055 </ref><ref>Daily Richmond Dispatch, 3 Dec. 1863. </ref><ref>Gordon, Armistead C. Gordons in Virginia. Hackensack, NJ: William M. Clemens, 1918, 70. </ref><ref>Gordon Jr. William F., Compiled Service Record (Civil War) </ref><ref>Jefferson, Thomas. Letter to William F. Gordon. Web, accessed 9 March 2013. <http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/03=06-02-0481> Jefferson, Thomas. Letter to William F. Gordon. Web, accessed 9 March 2013. </ref><ref><http://oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=808&cha pter=88504&layout=html&ltemid=27> Journal of the Acts and Proceedings of a General Convention of the State of Virginia, 1861, 3, 19, 157-158, 194. </ref><ref>Journal of the House of Delegates, 1859-1865, 1875-1877. </ref><ref>Kull, Irving Stoddard. The Causes for the Secession of Virginia. Ebook. 78. </ref><ref>Landmark Survey, Enderly Proceedings of the Virginia State Convention of 1861, 4:473. Web, accessed 9 March 2013. </ref><ref><http://genforum.genealogy.com/Gordon/messages/1160.html> Web, accessed 9 March 2013. </ref><ref>http://docsouth.unc.edu/imls/vahouse63/vahouse63.html</ref> || Built ca. [[1859]] in the Greek Revival style, Enderly was the home of William F. Gordon Jr. during the 1860s. Gordon served as clerk of the [[Virginia House of Delegates]] from [[1859]] to [[1865]]. He was temporary secretary of the convention that met in Richmond in [[1861]] to debate Virginia’s secession from the Union. As special emissary of the convention, he delivered a copy of the Ordinance of Secession to Confederate President Jefferson Davis in Montgomery, Alabama. From [[1861]] to [[1862]], Gordon was a private in the 19th Virginia Infantry. He represented [[Louisa County]] in the House of Delegates ([[1875]]–[[1877]]). || 603 Watson Ave.
|On February 29, 1864, General George A. Custer and 1500 cavalrymen made a diversionary raid into Albemarle County. Here, north of Charlottesville, he attacked the Confederate winter camp of four batteries of the Stuart Horse Artillery commanded by Captain Marcellus N. Moorman. Despite the destruction to the camp, 200 Confederates rallied in a counterattack which forced Custer's withdrawal. Few casualties were reported.
|Rio Hill Center, at the Rio Hill Shopping Center
|Rio Hill Center
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|-
|Southern Albemarle Rural Historic District
| [[First Baptist Church (West Main Street)]] || The Charlottesville African Church congregation was organized in [[1864]]. Four years later it bought the Delevan building, built in [[1828]] by Gen. John H. Cocke, and at one time used as a temperance hotel for University of Virginia students. It became part of the Charlottesville General Hospital and sheltered wounded soldiers during the Civil War. The church members laid the cornerstone for a new building in 1877 on the Delevan site, and the First Baptist Church, [[West Main Street]], was completed in [[1883]]. This building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. || 632 W. Main St.
|Bounded by the James River to the south and the Rivanna River to the north, this nationally significant district encompasses 83,627 acres. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007, it includes buildings influenced by Jefferson’s Classical Revival ideals. The beauty of the Piedmont landscape is revealed in the panoramic vistas, farmlands, and vineyards. The district reflects the architectural and cultural influences of former residents Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe.  The landscape remains predominantly agricultural with large farm complexes, historic villages, and an early transportation network of roads and waterways.
|Scottsville Road, south end of Carter's Bridge over the Hardware River
|Scottsville Rd.
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|Southwest Mountains Rural Historic District
| Gen. Alexander Archer Vandegrift || Gen. Alexander Archer Vandegrift was born in Charlottesville on 13 Mar. [[1887]]. He entered the U.S. Marine Corps in [[1909]] and served on posts in the Caribbean, Central America, China, and the United States. General Vandegrift led American forces in their first successful major Pacific offensive in World War II at Guadalcanal and was awarded the Navy Cross and the Medal of Honor. He also served as the Commandant of the Marine Corps from [[1944]] to [[1947]] and in [[1945]] became the first active-duty Marine four-star general. He died on 8 May [[1973]] and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery. || E. High St. and 4th St. NE, southeast corner
|Extending from the Orange County line on the north to the outskirts of Charlottesville with the Southwest Mountains forming its spine, this historic district encompasses more than 31,000 acres and contains some of the Piedmont’s most pristine and scenic countryside. Thomas Jefferson often traveled along the eastern side of the Southwest Mountains to Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. and referred to the mountains as the “Eden of the United States.” The district includes a broad range of 18th through early 20th century rural architecture, reflecting the evolving cultural patterns of more than 250 years of settlement. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.
|Rte. 22, at intersection with Keswick Road
|Louisa Rd.
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|St. John School--Rosenwald Funded
| Georgia O'Keeffe || Georgia O'Keeffe was born in Wisconsin in [[1887]]. Her mother moved to Charlottesville in [[1909]] and rented the house here. Beginning in [[1912]], O'Keeffe intermittently lived with her mother and sisters. She took a summer drawing class taught by Alon Bement at the University of Virginia. O'Keeffe taught art classes at the university each summer between [[1913]] and [[1916]]. O'Keeffe used a number of mediums to showcase her artistic talents throughout her long career. In 1916, noted photographer, art impresario, and future husband Alfred Stieglitz began to promote her work. O'Keeffe later became one of America's most renowned artists. She died in New Mexico in [[1986]]. || Corner of Wertland St. and 12 1/2 St. NW
|The St. John School, built here in 1922-1923, served African American students during the segregation era. Julius Rosenwald, president of Sears, Roebuck and Co., collaborated with Booker T. Washington in a school-building campaign beginning in 1912. The Rosenwald Fund, incorporated in 1917, helped build more than 5,000 schools and supporting structures for African Americans in the rural South by 1932. The Rosenwald Fund contributed $700 for the St. John School, while local residents donated $500 and Albemarle County provided $1,300. The two-classroom school closed during the 1950s and was later purchased by St. John Baptist Church.
|1569 St. John Road
|St. John Road
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|Staunton and James River Turnpike
| [[Jack Jouett]]'s Ride || On 4 June [[1781]], John "Jack" Jouett Jr. arrived at the [[Albemarle County Courthouse]] to warn the Virginia legislature of approaching British troops. The state government under Governor Thomas Jefferson had retreated from Richmond to reconvene in Charlottesville because of the threat of British invasion during the Revolutionary War. Jouett had spotted Colonel Banastre Tarleton and his 180 dragoons and 70 cavalrymen 40 miles east at Cuckoo Tavern, and rode through the night to reach here by dawn. Jouett's heroic ride, which allowed Jefferson and all but seven of the legislators to escape, was later recognized by the Virginia General Assembly, which awarded him a sword and a pair of pistols. || Intersection of Park and E. High Streets, southwest corner
|The Staunton and James River Turnpike ran through here at Batesville and stretched for 43 ½ miles from Staunton to Scottsville. Construction began in 1826 and was completed by 1830. The turnpike provided a direct route for Shenandoah Valley farmers to transport agricultural products to Scottsville, then to Richmond via the James River and Kanawha Canal. Because the turnpike became impassable during wet weather, it was converted to a plank road (wooden boards laid crosswise to the road surface) beginning in 1849. The emergence of the railroad industry and the high cost of maintenance resulted in its disuse by the late 1850s and eventual incorporation into the country's road system.
|Rte. 692, at Batesville, between Schoolhouse Hill and Miller School Road
|Plank Rd.
|-
|-
|Union Occupation of Charlottesville
| [[James Monroe]]'s First Farm--Site of the University of Virginia || In [[1788]] James Monroe purchased an 800-acre farm here to be close to his friend Thomas Jefferson and to establish a law office. In 1799 the Monroes moved to their new [[Highland]] plantation adjacent to Monticello and sold the first farm. In 1817 the Board of Visitors of Central College purchased 43 3/4 acres of Monroe's old farm, for the Lawn and the Ranges of the "academical village" that Jefferson was planning to build with private contributions. On 6 Oct. President Monroe, with former presidents Jefferson and Madison, laid the cornerstone for its first building, Pavilion VII. On 25 Jan. [[1819]], Central College was chartered by the General Assembly as the University of Virginia. || McCormick Road, 200 feet south of where it splits at University Avenue
|On 3 Mar. 1865, after the Battle of Waynesboro, Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan's Union Army of the Shenandoah entered Charlottesville. As Bvt. Maj. Gen. George A. Custer’s 3d Cavalry Division arrived, Mayor Christopher L. Fowler, local officials, and University of Virginia professors Socrates Maupin and John B. Minor, likely with rector Thomas L. Preston, met Custer on the University Grounds. Fowler surrendered the town and keys to the public buildings. The professors asked that the University be protected as a national asset. Custer agreed, posting guards during a three-day occupation. The University suffered little damage, unlike the Virginia Military Institute, which was burned in June 1864.
|Rte. 250, about 100 feet west of Colonnade Drive intersection
|Ivy Rd.
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|Wilson Cary Nicholas 1761--1820
| [[Jefferson School]] || The name Jefferson School has a long association with African American education in Charlottesville. It was first used in the 1860s in a Freedmen's Bureau school and then for a public grade school by [[1894]]. [[Jefferson High School]] opened here in [[1926]] as the city's first high school for blacks, an early accredited black high school in Virginia. The facility became [[Jefferson Elementary School]] in [[1951]]. In [[1958]], some current and former Jefferson students requested transfers to two white schools. The state closed the two white schools. Their reopening in [[1959]] began the process of desegregation in Charlottesville. Jefferson School housed many different educational programs after integrating in [[1965]]. || 4th St. NW at intersection with Commerce St.
|"Just to the south was Mount Warren, the home of Wilson Cary Nicholas. He served in the Continental army, represented Albemarle County in the General Assembly (1784–
|-
|-
|1789, 1794–1799), and was a delegate to the Virginia Convention of 1788 that approved the United States Constitution. Nicholas was a member of the U. S. Senate (1799–1804), served in the House of Representatives (1807 - 1809), and was governor of Virginia (1814–1816). A close personal friend and political ally of Thomas Jefferson, Nicholas is buried at Monticello."
| [[Monticello]] || Three miles to the southeast. Thomas Jefferson began the house in [[1770]] and finished it in [[1802]]. He brought his bride to it in [[1772]]. Lafayette visited it in [[1825]]. Jefferson spent his last years there and died there, [[July 4]], [[1826]]. His tomb is there. The place was raided by British cavalry, [[June 4]], [[1781]] || Intersection of East Jefferson and Park Streets
|Rte. 726, about a quarter-mile east of intersection with Rte. 627
|-
|James River Rd.
| [[Monticello Wine Company]]<ref>Albemarle County Deed Book No. 101, page 106; Leon David Adams, The Wines of America (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1985), 18, 64-70</ref><ref>“Battleship Virginia Successfully Launched Amidst Patriotic Plaudits of Thousands,” Virginian Pilot 5 April 1904; John J. Baxevanis, The Wine Regions of North America Geographical Reflections and Appraisals (Stroudsburg, Pa.: Vinifera Wine Growers Journal, 1992), 154-161</ref><ref>Edward D.C. Campbell, Jr., “Of Vines and Wines: The Culture of Grape in Virginia,” Virginia Cavalcade, 39(Winter 1990): 106-117</ref><ref>Bernard P. Chamberlain, “Virginia Grapes for Wine-Making,” Commonwealth 1(July 1934): 13, 26</ref><ref>Charlottesville City Deed Book, No. 30, page 227 and No. 31, page 79</ref><ref>The Daily Progress (Charlottesville): articles dating 1897-1937</ref><ref>K. Edward Lay, Architecture of Jefferson Country (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2000), 129, 244</ref><ref>S.W. Fletcher, “A History of Fruit Growing in Virginia,” (Reprinted from the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Virginia State Horticultural Society, December 6, 7, and 8, 1932), 8-11, 24-26</ref><ref>Edward W. Hase, II and Robert M. Hubbard, “Adolph Russow and the Monticello Wine Company,” The Magazine of Albemarle County History 46(1988): 17-27</ref><ref>Hilde Gabriel Lee and Allan E. Lee, Virginia Wine Country (White Hall, Va.: Betterway Publications, 1987), 22-26, 53-54, 64-66</ref><ref>John Hammond Moore, Albemarle: Jefferson’s County 1727-1976 (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1976), 249-250, 297, 346</ref><ref>Lucie T. Morton, Winegrowing in Eastern America: An Illustrated Guide to Viniculture East of the Rockies (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985), 111-112</ref><ref>Charles Pearson, Liquor and Anti-Liquor in Virginia, 1919-1919 (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1967), 179, 288-291</ref><ref>Thomas Pinney, A History of Wine in America: From the Beginnings to Prohibition (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989), 55-82, 413-415</ref><ref>Oscar Reierson, “The Wine-Making Industry” in W.H. Seamon, ed., Albemarle County (Virginia) A Handbook…(Charlottesville: Jeffersonian Book and Print House, 1888), 59-62</ref><ref>Report Upon Statistics of Grape Culture and Wine Production in U.S. for 1880 [microfilm] (Washington, DC: U.S.G.P.O., 1881), 35-36, 102-104</ref><ref>212 Wine ST, Charlottesville information, K. Edward Lay, The Architecture of Jefferson Country (CD ROM).</ref> || The Monticello Wine Company's four-story brick building was located on the middle of Perry Drive on the north side. Founded in 1873 using grapes from local vineyards, it operated until about the time Prohibition began in Virginia in Nov. [[1916]]. Spurred by production increases and highest-awards honors from exhibitions in the United States and abroad, the Charlottesville region proclaimed itself the "Capital of the Wine Belt in Virginia." In [[1904]] its wine was used to christen the USS Virginia. The building was last used as a storage facility until fire destroyed it in [[1937]]. The home of the winery's general manager, Adolph Russow, stands nearby at 212 Wine Street. || Corner of McIntire Road and Perry Drive.
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| Technical Sergeant [[Frank D. Peregory]] || Born at Esmont on 10 April [[1915]], Frank D. Peregory enlisted in May [[1931]] in Charlottesville's Co. K (Monticello Guard), 116th Inf. Regt., 29th Inf. Div. On D-Day, 6 June [[1944]], T. Sgt. Peregory landed in the assault on Omaha Beach, Normandy, France. At Grandcamp, on 8 June, he single-handedly charged an enemy stronghold with grenades and bayonet, killing 8 soldiers and capturing 35. Six days later he was killed in action near Couvains. For his valor T. Sgt. Peregory was awarded the Medal of Honor. He was the sole Virginian in the 29th Division to be awarded the medal, which was given to only 14 of the 300,000 Virginians who served in the war. Peregory is buried at the American Cemetery in St. Laurent, Normandy, France. || University Ave. at intersection with Route 29
|-
| [[The Farm]] || The Farm stands on a 1020-acre tract acquired by Nicholas Meriwether in [[1735]] and later owned by Col. Nicholas Lewis, uncle of Meriwether Lewis. A building on the property likely served as headquarters for British Col. Banastre Tarleton briefly in June [[1781]]. In [[1825]], Charlottesville lawyer and later University of Virginia law professor, John A. G. Davis, purchased a portion of the original tract and engaged Thomas Jefferson's workmen to design and build this house. It is considered one of the best surviving examples of Jeffersonian residential architecture. Maj. Gen. George A. Custer occupied the house as his headquarters for a brief time in March 1865. || Corner of E. Jefferson Street and Farm Lane
|-
| [[Three Notch'd Road]]<ref>Harlan Page Lloyd, “The Battle of Waynesboro,” The Custer Reader, ed. Paul Andrew Hutton (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1992), 78-29; Ervin L. Jordan, Jr., Charlottesville and the University of Virginia in the Civil War (Lynchburg: H. E. Howard Inc., 1988), 82-84; Katherine Smallwood, “The University of Virginia in the Civil War,” The Magazine of Albemarle County History, 29 (1971): 60-61.</ref> || Also called Three Chopt Road, this colonial route ran from Richmond to the Shenandoah Valley. It likely took its name from three notches cut into trees to blaze the trail. A major east-west route across central Virginia from the 1730s, it was superseded by Route 250 in the 1930s. Part of Jack Jouett's famous ride and the Marquis de Lafayette's efforts to prevent Gen. Charles Cornwallis from obtaining munitions took place along this road. Today West Main Street and part of University Avenue approximate the Three Notch'd Road's original course through present-day Charlottesville. || Main Street East/Downtown Mall, between 5th and 7th Streets
|-
| [[University of Virginia]] || Thomas Jefferson founded the University of Virginia. The cornerstone of its first building was laid on [[October 6]], [[1817]], in the presence of three presidents of the United States--Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe. In [[1825]], the university admitted its first scholars, who were educated in what Jefferson called "useful sciences." Following Jefferson's beliefs, the university was nonsectarian and allowed its students to choose their own courses of study. The honor system was established in [[1842]]. In [[1987]], the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) named the original grounds, Thomas Jefferson's "academical village," to its prestigious World Heritage List. || University Avenue, opposite intersection with [[Rugby Road]]
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==External Links==
==External Links==
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https://vcris.dhr.virginia.gov/HistoricMarkers/#GoToMap

Latest revision as of 20:15, 30 July 2023

The Virginia Department of Historic Resources sanctions historical highway markers in the Commonwealth.

Albemarle County

Marker Name Marker Text Marker Location Route Name
Advance Mills[1] Villages such as Advance Mills were once common features of rural Virginia, serving as economic and social centers. Advance Mills grew around a single mill that John Fray constructed in 1833 on the north fork of the Rivanna River. By the twentieth century, Advance Mills had expanded to include facilities to process corn, flour, wool, sumac, and lumber for local farmers. A general store also sold goods to nearby residents. Industrialization, electricity, and the increasing efficiency of automobiles led to the disappearance of Advance Mills, as well as other similar communities around Virginia, in the latter half of the twentieth century. Route 743, just west of bridge over the Rivanna River Advance Mills Rd.
Barclay House and Scottsville Museum Here stands the Barclay House, built about 1830, later the home of Dr. James Turner Barclay, inventor for the U.S. Mint and missionary to Jerusalem. He founded the adjacent Disciples Church in 1846 and served as its first preacher. It is now the Scottsville Museum. 290 Main Street Main Street
Birthplace of George Rogers Clark George Rogers Clark was born a mile northeast of here on 19 Nov. 1752. He grew up on a farm in Caroline County. Clark explored the Ohio River Valley, fought in Dunmore’s War in 1774, and helped convince the General Assembly to organize Kentucky as a county of Virginia. As a militia officer during the Revolutionary War, he allied with French communities on the Mississippi River, defeated the British at Fort Sackville in present-day Indiana, and fought Shawnee Indians in the Ohio Country, strengthening Virginia’s claim to the Old Northwest. His younger brother, William Clark, and Meriwether Lewis led the 1803-1806 Lewis and Clark Expedition to the Pacific Ocean. Rte. 20, opposite intersection with Winding River Road Stony Point Rd.
Birthplace of Meriwether Lewis Half a mile north was born, 1774, Meriwether Lewis, of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore the Far West, 1804-1806. The expedition reached the mouth of the Columbia River, November 15, 1805. Rte. 250, at intersection with Owensville Road Ivy Rd.
Castle Hill The original house was built in 1765 by Doctor Thomas Walker, explorer and pioneer. Tarleton, raiding to Charlottesville to capture Jefferson and the legislature, stopped here for breakfast, June 4, 1781. This delay aided the patriots to escape. Castle Hill was long the home of Senator William Cabell Rives, who built the present house. Rte. 231, at southwest corner of intersection with Keswick Winery Drive Gordonsville Rd.
Colle Philip Mazzei, a Tuscan merchant and horticulturist, arrived in Virginia in 1773 and was persuaded by Thomas Jefferson to settle here. Jefferson gave him 193 acres of land, and Mazzei named his property Colle (meaning “hill”). He built a house ca. 1774 and organized a company to produce wine, oil, and silk. Mazzei wrote tracts supporting American independence, and, during the Revolution, served in a militia unit and was Virginia’s agent to the Grand Duke of Tuscany. He rented Colle to Hessian prisoner of war Gen. Friedrich Riedesel in 1779. The present French Colonial Revival house, designed by architect William Delano, was completed in 1940 for Stanley Woodward, a prominent diplomat. Rte. 53, at entrance to Jefferson Vineyards Thomas Jefferson Pkwy
Convention Army-The Barracks[2][3][4] In Jan. 1779, during the American Revolution, 4,000 British troops and German mercenaries (commonly known as “Hessians”) captured following the Battle of Saratoga in New York arrived here after marching from Massachusetts. It was called the Convention Army after the instrument of its surrender. Most prisoners lived in primitive huts spread out over several hundred acres of the barracks camp, where they endured great hardships. Supplying and guarding the Convention Army taxed the resources of the community and militia. By Feb. 1781, the last of the prisoners had been relocated. Intersection of Barracks Farm Road and Barrackside Farm entrance Barracks Farm Rd.
Covesville Apple Industry[5][6] In 1866 Dr. William D. Boaz established the first commercial apple orchard in Covesville. These orchards specialized in the Albemarle Pippin, which became one of the most prized and profitable apple varieties grown in Virginia. By 1890 the success of this variety, shipped as far away as England and France, helped the Boaz orchards become one of the most productive commercial orchards in Virginia. As the business grew, it spurred the development of many of Covesville’s buildings, including apple-packing plants, cider mills, workers’ housing, stores, depots, and cooperages. Several of these sites remain within the Covesville Historic District, which is on the National Register of Historic Places. Rte. 29, at Covesville post office, south of Charlottesville Monacan Trail Rd.
Crozet The town grew around a rail stop established on Wayland's farm in 1876. It was named for Col. B. Claudius Crozet, (1789-1864)--Napoleonic army officer, and the state's engineer and cartographer. He built this pioneer railway through the Blue Ridge. The 4273' tunnel through the rock-solid mountain below Rockfish Gap carried traffic from 1858-1944. His talents were tested in solving safety, drainage and ventilation problems posed by the construction of this tunnel. Rte. 240, in Crozet, at southern end of railroad underpass Crozet Ave.
Earlysville Union Church Earlysville Union Church is a rare surviving early-19th-century interdenominational church constructed in Albemarle County. Built in 1833, this frame structure served as a meetinghouse for all Christian denominations on land deeded by John Early, for whom Earlysville is named. This building provided an early home for several local congregations of the Baptist, Methodist, and Presbyterian faiths. The church is an excellent example of the 19th-century public architecture of rural Piedmont Virginia. It was listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. On Earlysville Road, but it sits in front of 505 St. Francis Avenue Earlysville Rd.
Edgehill William Randolph patented the Edgehill plantation, just to the north, in 1735. His grandson, Thomas Mann Randolph, married Thomas Jefferson’s daughter Martha, acquired Edgehill in 1792, and was later governor of Virginia. The couple built a frame house ca. 1799 but resided mainly at nearby Monticello. Their son, Thomas Jefferson Randolph, erected a brick residence in 1828. A workforce of enslaved African Americans lived at Edgehill. Martha Jefferson Randolph and her family operated a school for girls here; its successor, established after the Civil War, was a highly regarded women’s academy. The main house burned in 1916 but was rebuilt using the original walls. Rte. 250, about 900 feet west of Louisa Road intersection Richmond Rd.
Free State[7] Free State, a community of free African Americans, stood here. Its nucleus was a 224-acre tract that Amy Farrow, a free black woman, purchased in 1788. Her son Zachariah Bowles lived here and married Critta Hemings of Monticello, an older sister of Sally Hemings. Free State residents farmed and practiced trades, accumulated personal property, and did business with local whites. The small community expanded after the Civil War and by early in the 20th century was home to the Free State Colored School and the Central Relief Association, a local benevolent society. Belvedere Blvd. near intersection with Free State Road Belvedere Blvd.
General Thomas Sumter Thomas Sumter was born on 14 Aug. 1734 in this region. Sumter, a member of the Virginia militia during the French and Indian War, moved to South Carolina in 1765. He served as a lieutenant colonel in the Continental Army (1776-1778); in June 1780 he came out of retirement. In Oct. 1780, he became a Brigadier General, and was instrumental in defeating the British in the Carolinas. He served in Congress (1789-1793; 1797-1801) and was an U. S. senator (1801-1810). He died on 1 June 1832. Sumter's name is also associated with the Civil War, because Fort Sumter is named for him. Rte. 231, east side, between Lovers Lane and Klockner Road Gordonsville Rd.
Grace Episcopal Church [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The vestry of Fredericksville Parish commissioned a church for this site in 1745. First known as Middle Church, the wood-frame building was later called Walker’s Church. Thomas Jefferson attended the nearby classical school of the Rev. James Maury, who was rector here and is buried in the churchyard. Jefferson served on the parish vestry from 1767 to 1770. Parishioner Judith Page Walker Rives enlisted William Strickland, one of the nation’s foremost architects, to design a replacement for the old frame church. The Gothic Revival sanctuary, consecrated by Bishop William Meade as Grace Church in 1855, is Strickland’s only known work in Virginia. 5607 Gordonsville Road Gordonsville Road
Greenwood-Afton Rural Historic District The Scots-Irish settled the Greenwood-Afton area in the 1730s, linking the agriculturally rich Shenandoah Valley with eastern Virginia. Settlement routes expanded into prominent roads and turnpikes. In the 1850s the railroad arrived, with Claudius Crozet's Blue Ridge Tunnel becoming the longest tunnel in the United States when it opened in 1858. The depot villages of Greenwood and Afton followed, drawing wealthy residents who built elaborate estates. Skyline Drive and the Blue Ridge Parkway, constructed in the 1930s, furthered the bucolic appeal of the region as a tourist destination. The area was officially designated as the Greenwood-Afton Rural Historic District in 2011. Rte. 250, north side, 400 feet west of intersection with Hillsboro Lane Rockfish Gap Turnpike
Hatton Ferry James A. Brown began operating a store and ferry at this site on rented property in the late 1870s. In 1881 he bought the land from S. P. Gantt at which time the store became a stop on the Richmond and Alleghany Railroad. Two years later, Brown was authorized to open a post office in his store, which was named Hatton for the young federal postal officer who signed the authorizing documents. The ferry is one of only two poled ferries still functioning in the continental United States. Rte. 625, at railroad crossing Hatton Ferry Rd.
Historic Scottsville In 1745 Old Albemarle County was organized at Scott's landing, its first county seat, here on the Great Horseshoe Bend of the James River. In 1818 the town was incorporated as Scottsville. Beginning in 1840 it flourished as the chief port above Richmond for freight and passenger boats on the James River and Kanawha Canal. It played a vital role in the opening up of the west. The 1840s and '50s were its golden era. Valley Street at intersection with Main St. Valley St.
Jackson's Valley Campaign During the Shenandoah Valley Campaign (March-June 1862) Confederate Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson used deceptive maneuvers and sharp attacks to divert Union forces from the Peninsula Campaign against Richmond. Late in April, Jackson’s men began an eastward march over the Blue Ridge Mountains, convincing the Federals that they were bound for Richmond. On 3 May, Jackson bivouacked at nearby Mechums River Station on the Virginia Central Railroad. The next day, part of his army returned to the Valley by train while the rest followed on foot. At the Battle of McDowell in the Allegheny Mountains on 8 May, Jackson defeated the vanguard of Union Maj. Gen. John C. Frémont's army. Ivy Road, about 850 feet east of intersection with Three Notched Road and Rockfish Gap Turnpike Ivy Rd.
Maury's School Just north was a classical school conducted by the Rev. James Maury, Rector of Fredericksville Parish from 1754 to 1769. Thomas Jefferson was one of Maury's students. Matthew Fontaine Maury, the "Pathfinder of the Seas," was Maury's grandson. Rte. 231, about 3/4ths mile north of intersection with Lindsay Road Gordonsville Rd.
Miller School A bequest of Samuel Miller (1792-1869) provided funds to found the Miller School in 1878. Miller, a Lynchburg businessman born in poverty in Albemarle County, envisioned a regional school for children who could not afford an education. The school was a pioneer in combining the value of hands-on labor with a liberal arts education. Coeducational from 1884 until 1928, then all male, the school became coeducational again in 1992. Built on property once owned by Miller, the principal building ("Old Main") was designed by Albert Lybrock and D. Wiley Anderson in the High Victorian Gothic style. Miller School was listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register in 1973 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. Rte. 635, main entrance of school Miller School Rd.
Mirador Nearby stands Mirador, the childhood home of Nancy, Viscountess Astor, the first woman member of Parliament. Born Nancy Witcher Langhorne in 1879, she lived here from 1892 to 1897. In 1906 she married Waldorf Astor and moved to England permanently. Mirador also was home to her sister Irene, wife of Charles Dana Gibson and model for the Gibson Girl of the 1890s. New York architect William Adams Delano remodeled Mirador in the 1920s for Lady Astor's niece, Mrs. Ronald (Nancy Perkins) Tree. Later, as Nancy Lancaster, she greatly influenced interior design by creating the "English country house look." Rte. 250, about 1/4 mile west of intersection with Greenwood Road Rockfish Gap Tpke.
Monacan Indian Village[16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Near here, on both sides of the Rivanna River, was located the Monacan Indian village of Monasukapanough. This village was one of five Monacan towns that Captain John Smith recorded by name on his 1612 Map of Virginia, though many more existed. Monasukapanough was a chief's village and was occupied for several centuries until it was abandoned in the late seventeenth or early eighteenth century. Monacan descendants still reside throughout the central Virginia area. The tribe's headquarters today is on Bear Mountain in Amherst County. Rio Mills Road, 70 feet from northwest corner of Seminole Trail intersection Rio Mills Road
Proffit Historic District[23] Ben Brown and other newly freed slaves, who founded the community after the Civil War, first named the settlement Egypt and then Bethel. About 1881, the community became known as Proffit when the Virginia Midland Railway placed a stop here, stimulating further development between 1890 and 1916 by white landowners who built along Proffit Road. Prominent reminders of Proffit's black heritage are Evergreen Baptist Church, built in 1891, and several houses constructed by the Brown and Flannagan families in the 1880s. The district was listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register in 1998 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. Mossing Ford Road, at fork with Proffit Road Mossing Ford Rd.
Revolutionary Soldiers Graves Jesse Pitman Lewis (d. March 8, 1849), of the Virginia Militia, and Taliaferro Lewis (d. July 12, 1810), of the Continental Line, two of several brothers who fought in the war for independence, are buried in the Lewis family cemetery 100 yards south of this marker. Rte. 250, 50 feet west of intersection with Colonade Drive Ivy Rd.
Rio Mills The 19th-century mill village of Rio Mills stood 600 yards west of here, where the former Harrisonburg-Charlottesville Turnpike crossed the South Fork of the Rivanna River. Following the Battle of Rio Hill on 29 February 1864, Union General George Armstrong Custer burned the covered bridge and gristmill at Rio Mills. Immediately rebuilt under the direction of Abraham L. Hildebrand, the gristmill continued to grind wheat and corn for the Confederacy. The milling operation apparently closed down soon after 1900. Rio Mills Road, 80 feet west of northwest intersection with Seminole Trail Rio Mills Road
Shadwell, Birthplace of Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson--author of the Declaration of Independence, third president of the United States, and founder of the University of Virginia--was born near this site on 13 April 1743. His father, Peter Jefferson (1708-1757), a surveyor, planter, and officeholder, began acquiring land in this frontier region in the mid-1730s and had purchased the Shadwell tract by 1741. Peter Jefferson built a house soon after, and the Shadwell plantation became a thriving agricultural estate. Thomas Jefferson spent much of his early life at Shadwell. After the house burned to the ground in 1770, he moved to Monticello, where he had begun constructing a house. Rte. 250, about a quarter mile west of the VDOT headquarters entrance Richmond Rd.
Skirmish at Rio Hill On February 29, 1864, General George A. Custer and 1500 cavalrymen made a diversionary raid into Albemarle County. Here, north of Charlottesville, he attacked the Confederate winter camp of four batteries of the Stuart Horse Artillery commanded by Captain Marcellus N. Moorman. Despite the destruction to the camp, 200 Confederates rallied in a counterattack which forced Custer's withdrawal. Few casualties were reported. Rio Hill Center, at the Rio Hill Shopping Center Rio Hill Center
Southern Albemarle Rural Historic District[24][25][26][27] Bounded by the James River to the south and the Rivanna River to the north, this nationally significant district encompasses 83,627 acres. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007, it includes buildings influenced by Jefferson’s Classical Revival ideals. The beauty of the Piedmont landscape is revealed in the panoramic vistas, farmlands, and vineyards. The district reflects the architectural and cultural influences of former residents Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe. The landscape remains predominantly agricultural with large farm complexes, historic villages, and an early transportation network of roads and waterways. Scottsville Road, south end of Carter's Bridge over the Hardware River Scottsville Rd.
Southwest Mountains Rural Historic District[28][29][30] Extending from the Orange County line on the north to the outskirts of Charlottesville with the Southwest Mountains forming its spine, this historic district encompasses more than 31,000 acres and contains some of the Piedmont’s most pristine and scenic countryside. Thomas Jefferson often traveled along the eastern side of the Southwest Mountains to Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. and referred to the mountains as the “Eden of the United States.” The district includes a broad range of 18th through early 20th century rural architecture, reflecting the evolving cultural patterns of more than 250 years of settlement. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. Rte. 22, at intersection with Keswick Road Louisa Rd.
St. John School--Rosenwald Funded[31][32][33][34] The St. John School, built here in 1922-1923, served African American students during the segregation era. Julius Rosenwald, president of Sears, Roebuck and Co., collaborated with Booker T. Washington in a school-building campaign beginning in 1912. The Rosenwald Fund, incorporated in 1917, helped build more than 5,000 schools and supporting structures for African Americans in the rural South by 1932. The Rosenwald Fund contributed $700 for the St. John School, while local residents donated $500 and Albemarle County provided $1,300. The two-classroom school closed during the 1950s and was later purchased by St. John Baptist Church. 1569 St. John Road St. John Road
Staunton and James River Turnpike The Staunton and James River Turnpike ran through here at Batesville and stretched for 43 ½ miles from Staunton to Scottsville. Construction began in 1826 and was completed by 1830. The turnpike provided a direct route for Shenandoah Valley farmers to transport agricultural products to Scottsville, then to Richmond via the James River and Kanawha Canal. Because the turnpike became impassable during wet weather, it was converted to a plank road (wooden boards laid crosswise to the road surface) beginning in 1849. The emergence of the railroad industry and the high cost of maintenance resulted in its disuse by the late 1850s and eventual incorporation into the country's road system. Rte. 692, at Batesville, between Schoolhouse Hill and Miller School Road Plank Rd.
Union Occupation of Charlottesville[35][36][37] On 3 Mar. 1865, after the Battle of Waynesboro, Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan's Union Army of the Shenandoah entered Charlottesville. As Bvt. Maj. Gen. George A. Custer’s 3d Cavalry Division arrived, Mayor Christopher L. Fowler, local officials, and University of Virginia professors Socrates Maupin and John B. Minor, likely with rector Thomas L. Preston, met Custer on the University Grounds. Fowler surrendered the town and keys to the public buildings. The professors asked that the University be protected as a national asset. Custer agreed, posting guards during a three-day occupation. The University suffered little damage, unlike the Virginia Military Institute, which was burned in June 1864. Rte. 250, about 100 feet west of Colonnade Drive intersection Ivy Rd.
Wilson Cary Nicholas 1761--1820[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] Just to the south was Mount Warren, the home of Wilson Cary Nicholas. He served in the Continental army, represented Albemarle County in the General Assembly (17841789, 17941799), and was a delegate to the Virginia Convention of 1788 that approved the United States Constitution. Nicholas was a member of the U. S. Senate (17991804), served in the House of Representatives (1807 - 1809), and was governor of Virginia (18141816). A close personal friend and political ally of Thomas Jefferson, Nicholas is buried at Monticello. Rte. 726, about a quarter-mile east of intersection with Rte. 627 James River Rd.

Charlottesville

Marker Name Marker Text Marker Location
Buck v. Bell In 1924, Virginia, like a majority of states then, enacted eugenic sterilization laws. Virginia's law allowed state institutions to operate on individuals to prevent the conception of what were believed to be "genetically inferior" children. Charlottesville native Carrie Buck (1906-1983), involuntarily committed to a state facility near Lynchburg, was chosen as the first person to be sterilized under the new law. The U.S. Supreme Court, in Buck v. Bell, on 2 May 1927, affirmed the Virginia law. After Buck more than 8,000 other Virginians were sterilized before the most relevant parts of the act were repealed in 1974. Later evidence eventually showed that Buck and many others had no "hereditary defects." She is buried south of here. 800 Preston Avenue
C. B. Holt Rock House[50] African American Charles B. Holt owned a carpentry business in Charlottesville’s Vinegar Hill neighborhood. The son of former slaves, Holt built this Arts and Crafts–style house in 19251926, during the era of segregation when blacks were more than a quarter of the city's population but owned less than one-tenth of its private land. He lived here with his wife, Mary Spinner, until his death in 1950. Later Holt’s stepson, Roy C. Preston, and his wife, Asalie Minor Preston, moved in. After a distinguished career teaching in Albemarle County’s segregated black public schools, Asalie Preston endowed the Minor-Preston Educational Fund to provide college scholarships. 1010 Preston Avenue
Charlottesville The site was patented by William Taylor in 1737. The town was established by law in 1762, and was named for Queen Charlotte, wife of George III. Burgoyne's army, captured at Saratoga in 1777, was long quartered near here. The legislature was in session here, in June, 1781, but retired westward to escape Tarleton's raid on the town. Jefferson, who lived at Monticello, founded the University of Virginia in 1819. Rte. 250 westbound, just west of the Rivanna River bridge
Charlottesville The site was patented by William Taylor in 1737. The town was established by law in 1762, and was named for Queen Charlotte, wife of George III. Burgoyne's army, captured at Saratoga in 1777, was long quartered near here. The legislature was in session here, in June, 1781, but retired westward to escape Tarleton's raid on the town. Jefferson, who lived at Monticello, founded the University of Virginia in 1819. Rte. 20, Carlton Road and Blenheim Avenue
Charlottesville The site was patented by William Taylor in 1737. The town was established by law in 1762, and was named for Queen Charlotte, wife of George III. Burgoyne's army, captured at Saratoga in 1777, was long quartered near here. The legislature was in session here, in June, 1781, but retired westward to escape Tarleton's raid on the town. Jefferson, who lived at Monticello, founded the University of Virginia in 1819. Business Rte. 29, southbound between Appletree and Piedmont Aves.
Charlottesville General Hospital[51][52][53] During the Civil War, the Rotunda at the University of Virginia, the Charlottesville town hall and the courthouse, as well as nearby homes and hotels were converted into a makeshift hospital complex called the Charlottesville General Hospital. It treated more than 22,000 wounded soldiers between 1861 and 1865. The first of the wounded arrived by train within hours of the First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) in July 1861. One of the facilities, known as the Mudwall or Delevan Hospital, received wounded soldiers as they arrived at the adjacent railroad depot. Corner of Jefferson Park Avenue and West Main Street.
Charlottesville Woolen Mills[54][55][56][57] As early as 1795, several types of mills operated here. In 1847, Farish, Jones, and Co., opened a cotton and woolen factory. John A. Marchant gained control of it by 1852 and renamed it the Charlottesville Manufacturing Company. His son, Henry Clay Marchant, bought it in 1864. Although the Union army burned the factory in 1865, Marchant reopened it in 1867 as the Charlottesville Woolen Mills, which became Albemarle's largest industry. A community grew up around the mill and Marchant built worker houses and a chapel. By the 1880s the mill specialized in making cloth for uniforms; it remained in operation until 1964. 1819 E. Market St.
Dogwood Vietnam Memorial[58][59][60][61][62][63] The Dogwood Vietnam Memorial, a project of the Charlottesville Dogwood Festival, Inc., was conceived late in 1965 after news arrived of the first casualty of the Vietnam War from this area. Consisting of a plaza with a plaque and flagpole, the memorial was dedicated on 20 Apr. 1966 and is believed to be the nation’s first public Vietnam veterans’ memorial. The site honors all who served the United States during the war, especially those from Charlottesville and Albemarle County who gave their lives. The memorial, known as “the hill that heals,” was renovated and expanded in 2014-2015. in McIntire Park, on John W. Warner Parkway, northwest corner with Rte. 250
Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)--writer, poet, and critic--was born in Boston, Mass. Orphaned at a young age, Poe was raised by John and Frances Allan of Richmond. He attended schools in England and Richmond before enrolling at the University of Virginia on 14 Feb. 1826 for one term, living in No. 13 West Range. He took classes in the Ancient and Modern Languages. While at the university, Poe accumulated debts that John Allan refused to pay. Poe left the university and briefly returned to Richmond, before moving to Boston in Mar. 1827. Some of his best-known writings include the Raven, Annabel Lee, and the Tell-Tale Heart. He also edited the Southern Literary Messenger in Richmond from 1835 to 1837. Poe died in Baltimore, Md. McCormick Road, between Mews and Poe Alleys
Enderly[64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75] Built ca. 1859 in the Greek Revival style, Enderly was the home of William F. Gordon Jr. during the 1860s. Gordon served as clerk of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1859 to 1865. He was temporary secretary of the convention that met in Richmond in 1861 to debate Virginia’s secession from the Union. As special emissary of the convention, he delivered a copy of the Ordinance of Secession to Confederate President Jefferson Davis in Montgomery, Alabama. From 1861 to 1862, Gordon was a private in the 19th Virginia Infantry. He represented Louisa County in the House of Delegates (18751877). 603 Watson Ave.
First Baptist Church (West Main Street) The Charlottesville African Church congregation was organized in 1864. Four years later it bought the Delevan building, built in 1828 by Gen. John H. Cocke, and at one time used as a temperance hotel for University of Virginia students. It became part of the Charlottesville General Hospital and sheltered wounded soldiers during the Civil War. The church members laid the cornerstone for a new building in 1877 on the Delevan site, and the First Baptist Church, West Main Street, was completed in 1883. This building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. 632 W. Main St.
Gen. Alexander Archer Vandegrift Gen. Alexander Archer Vandegrift was born in Charlottesville on 13 Mar. 1887. He entered the U.S. Marine Corps in 1909 and served on posts in the Caribbean, Central America, China, and the United States. General Vandegrift led American forces in their first successful major Pacific offensive in World War II at Guadalcanal and was awarded the Navy Cross and the Medal of Honor. He also served as the Commandant of the Marine Corps from 1944 to 1947 and in 1945 became the first active-duty Marine four-star general. He died on 8 May 1973 and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery. E. High St. and 4th St. NE, southeast corner
Georgia O'Keeffe Georgia O'Keeffe was born in Wisconsin in 1887. Her mother moved to Charlottesville in 1909 and rented the house here. Beginning in 1912, O'Keeffe intermittently lived with her mother and sisters. She took a summer drawing class taught by Alon Bement at the University of Virginia. O'Keeffe taught art classes at the university each summer between 1913 and 1916. O'Keeffe used a number of mediums to showcase her artistic talents throughout her long career. In 1916, noted photographer, art impresario, and future husband Alfred Stieglitz began to promote her work. O'Keeffe later became one of America's most renowned artists. She died in New Mexico in 1986. Corner of Wertland St. and 12 1/2 St. NW
Jack Jouett's Ride On 4 June 1781, John "Jack" Jouett Jr. arrived at the Albemarle County Courthouse to warn the Virginia legislature of approaching British troops. The state government under Governor Thomas Jefferson had retreated from Richmond to reconvene in Charlottesville because of the threat of British invasion during the Revolutionary War. Jouett had spotted Colonel Banastre Tarleton and his 180 dragoons and 70 cavalrymen 40 miles east at Cuckoo Tavern, and rode through the night to reach here by dawn. Jouett's heroic ride, which allowed Jefferson and all but seven of the legislators to escape, was later recognized by the Virginia General Assembly, which awarded him a sword and a pair of pistols. Intersection of Park and E. High Streets, southwest corner
James Monroe's First Farm--Site of the University of Virginia In 1788 James Monroe purchased an 800-acre farm here to be close to his friend Thomas Jefferson and to establish a law office. In 1799 the Monroes moved to their new Highland plantation adjacent to Monticello and sold the first farm. In 1817 the Board of Visitors of Central College purchased 43 3/4 acres of Monroe's old farm, for the Lawn and the Ranges of the "academical village" that Jefferson was planning to build with private contributions. On 6 Oct. President Monroe, with former presidents Jefferson and Madison, laid the cornerstone for its first building, Pavilion VII. On 25 Jan. 1819, Central College was chartered by the General Assembly as the University of Virginia. McCormick Road, 200 feet south of where it splits at University Avenue
Jefferson School The name Jefferson School has a long association with African American education in Charlottesville. It was first used in the 1860s in a Freedmen's Bureau school and then for a public grade school by 1894. Jefferson High School opened here in 1926 as the city's first high school for blacks, an early accredited black high school in Virginia. The facility became Jefferson Elementary School in 1951. In 1958, some current and former Jefferson students requested transfers to two white schools. The state closed the two white schools. Their reopening in 1959 began the process of desegregation in Charlottesville. Jefferson School housed many different educational programs after integrating in 1965. 4th St. NW at intersection with Commerce St.
Monticello Three miles to the southeast. Thomas Jefferson began the house in 1770 and finished it in 1802. He brought his bride to it in 1772. Lafayette visited it in 1825. Jefferson spent his last years there and died there, July 4, 1826. His tomb is there. The place was raided by British cavalry, June 4, 1781 Intersection of East Jefferson and Park Streets
Monticello Wine Company[76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92] The Monticello Wine Company's four-story brick building was located on the middle of Perry Drive on the north side. Founded in 1873 using grapes from local vineyards, it operated until about the time Prohibition began in Virginia in Nov. 1916. Spurred by production increases and highest-awards honors from exhibitions in the United States and abroad, the Charlottesville region proclaimed itself the "Capital of the Wine Belt in Virginia." In 1904 its wine was used to christen the USS Virginia. The building was last used as a storage facility until fire destroyed it in 1937. The home of the winery's general manager, Adolph Russow, stands nearby at 212 Wine Street. Corner of McIntire Road and Perry Drive.
Technical Sergeant Frank D. Peregory Born at Esmont on 10 April 1915, Frank D. Peregory enlisted in May 1931 in Charlottesville's Co. K (Monticello Guard), 116th Inf. Regt., 29th Inf. Div. On D-Day, 6 June 1944, T. Sgt. Peregory landed in the assault on Omaha Beach, Normandy, France. At Grandcamp, on 8 June, he single-handedly charged an enemy stronghold with grenades and bayonet, killing 8 soldiers and capturing 35. Six days later he was killed in action near Couvains. For his valor T. Sgt. Peregory was awarded the Medal of Honor. He was the sole Virginian in the 29th Division to be awarded the medal, which was given to only 14 of the 300,000 Virginians who served in the war. Peregory is buried at the American Cemetery in St. Laurent, Normandy, France. University Ave. at intersection with Route 29
The Farm The Farm stands on a 1020-acre tract acquired by Nicholas Meriwether in 1735 and later owned by Col. Nicholas Lewis, uncle of Meriwether Lewis. A building on the property likely served as headquarters for British Col. Banastre Tarleton briefly in June 1781. In 1825, Charlottesville lawyer and later University of Virginia law professor, John A. G. Davis, purchased a portion of the original tract and engaged Thomas Jefferson's workmen to design and build this house. It is considered one of the best surviving examples of Jeffersonian residential architecture. Maj. Gen. George A. Custer occupied the house as his headquarters for a brief time in March 1865. Corner of E. Jefferson Street and Farm Lane
Three Notch'd Road[93] Also called Three Chopt Road, this colonial route ran from Richmond to the Shenandoah Valley. It likely took its name from three notches cut into trees to blaze the trail. A major east-west route across central Virginia from the 1730s, it was superseded by Route 250 in the 1930s. Part of Jack Jouett's famous ride and the Marquis de Lafayette's efforts to prevent Gen. Charles Cornwallis from obtaining munitions took place along this road. Today West Main Street and part of University Avenue approximate the Three Notch'd Road's original course through present-day Charlottesville. Main Street East/Downtown Mall, between 5th and 7th Streets
University of Virginia Thomas Jefferson founded the University of Virginia. The cornerstone of its first building was laid on October 6, 1817, in the presence of three presidents of the United States--Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe. In 1825, the university admitted its first scholars, who were educated in what Jefferson called "useful sciences." Following Jefferson's beliefs, the university was nonsectarian and allowed its students to choose their own courses of study. The honor system was established in 1842. In 1987, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) named the original grounds, Thomas Jefferson's "academical village," to its prestigious World Heritage List. University Avenue, opposite intersection with Rugby Road


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References

  1. Advance Mills Register Nomination (DHR #002-5024); Archaeological Survey of the Proposed Advance Mills Bridge Replacement, Albemarle County (DHR #2007-0982)
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  44. Ibid., “The Nicholas Family of Virginia 1722-1820,” University of Virginia PhD., 1973, pp. 91, 228-230, 295-297.
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  46. Patent Book no. 13, 13 Jan. 1729, p. 424.
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  49. Green Peyton Map of Albemarle County 1875. Road Map Albemarle County, Virginia Department of Transportation.
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  59. Charlottesville Daily Progress, 20, 21 Apr. 1966, 24 Apr. 2015.
  60. Correspondence with Marc Leepson of Vietnam Veterans of America
  61. Crozet Gazette, 6 May 2016.
  62. Jim Shisler, “Charlottesville Dogwood Vietnam Memorial…A History.”
  63. List of Vietnam Memorials, http://warriorsremembered.com
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  68. Gordon Jr. William F., Compiled Service Record (Civil War)
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  75. http://docsouth.unc.edu/imls/vahouse63/vahouse63.html
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  77. “Battleship Virginia Successfully Launched Amidst Patriotic Plaudits of Thousands,” Virginian Pilot 5 April 1904; John J. Baxevanis, The Wine Regions of North America Geographical Reflections and Appraisals (Stroudsburg, Pa.: Vinifera Wine Growers Journal, 1992), 154-161
  78. Edward D.C. Campbell, Jr., “Of Vines and Wines: The Culture of Grape in Virginia,” Virginia Cavalcade, 39(Winter 1990): 106-117
  79. Bernard P. Chamberlain, “Virginia Grapes for Wine-Making,” Commonwealth 1(July 1934): 13, 26
  80. Charlottesville City Deed Book, No. 30, page 227 and No. 31, page 79
  81. The Daily Progress (Charlottesville): articles dating 1897-1937
  82. K. Edward Lay, Architecture of Jefferson Country (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2000), 129, 244
  83. S.W. Fletcher, “A History of Fruit Growing in Virginia,” (Reprinted from the Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Virginia State Horticultural Society, December 6, 7, and 8, 1932), 8-11, 24-26
  84. Edward W. Hase, II and Robert M. Hubbard, “Adolph Russow and the Monticello Wine Company,” The Magazine of Albemarle County History 46(1988): 17-27
  85. Hilde Gabriel Lee and Allan E. Lee, Virginia Wine Country (White Hall, Va.: Betterway Publications, 1987), 22-26, 53-54, 64-66
  86. John Hammond Moore, Albemarle: Jefferson’s County 1727-1976 (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1976), 249-250, 297, 346
  87. Lucie T. Morton, Winegrowing in Eastern America: An Illustrated Guide to Viniculture East of the Rockies (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985), 111-112
  88. Charles Pearson, Liquor and Anti-Liquor in Virginia, 1919-1919 (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1967), 179, 288-291
  89. Thomas Pinney, A History of Wine in America: From the Beginnings to Prohibition (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989), 55-82, 413-415
  90. Oscar Reierson, “The Wine-Making Industry” in W.H. Seamon, ed., Albemarle County (Virginia) A Handbook…(Charlottesville: Jeffersonian Book and Print House, 1888), 59-62
  91. Report Upon Statistics of Grape Culture and Wine Production in U.S. for 1880 [microfilm] (Washington, DC: U.S.G.P.O., 1881), 35-36, 102-104
  92. 212 Wine ST, Charlottesville information, K. Edward Lay, The Architecture of Jefferson Country (CD ROM).
  93. Harlan Page Lloyd, “The Battle of Waynesboro,” The Custer Reader, ed. Paul Andrew Hutton (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1992), 78-29; Ervin L. Jordan, Jr., Charlottesville and the University of Virginia in the Civil War (Lynchburg: H. E. Howard Inc., 1988), 82-84; Katherine Smallwood, “The University of Virginia in the Civil War,” The Magazine of Albemarle County History, 29 (1971): 60-61.

External Links

https://vcris.dhr.virginia.gov/HistoricMarkers/#GoToMap