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'''Annexation''' was a legal means by which the city of [[Charlottesville]] obtained lands in [[Albemarle County]] in the 20th century.  
[[File:Annexation map cropped shrunk.png|alt=Map of annexations by year|thumb|Map of annexations by year. [[:File:Annexation map.pdf|(pdf)]]]]
[[File:Annexation Map - from NDS wall copy.jpg|alt=Hand-drawn annexation map from Neighborhood Development Services wall|thumb|Hand-drawn annexation map from [[Neighborhood Development Services|Neighborhood Development Services']] wall.]]
 
'''Annexation''' was a legal means by which the city of [[Charlottesville]] obtained lands in [[Albemarle County]] in the 20th century. The process caused much strain in [[City County Relations|city county relations]].
1792 (Old Town) .059 square miles.
1818 square miles.
1860 .271 square miles.
1873 .340 square miles.
1888 1.221 square miles.
1916 3.840 square miles.
1938 6.434 square miles.
1963 10.362 square miles.
1968 10.442 square miles.


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==1762 Annexation==
==1914==
==1792 Annexation==
(Old Town) Charlottesville: .059 square miles.
==1818 Annexation==
Town of Charlottesville: .087 square miles.
==1860 Annexation==
Town of Charlottesvill: .271 square miles.
==1873 Annexation==
Town of Charlottesville: .340 square miles.
==1888 Annexation==
1.221 square miles.
===1914===
Charlottesville officials appeared in the Circuit Court in August 1914 for an order to annex parts of the Fifeville and Fry's Spring neighborhoods into city limits. The Board of Supervisors was notified of this in a [[Daily Progress]] advertisement on [[May 30]], [[1914]]. <ref>{{cite-progress-lindsay|title=In The Circuit Court of the County of Albemarle, To The County of Albemarle, Virginia; The Board of Supervisors of the Said County of Albemarle, Virginia and R.T. W. Duke, Jr, Commonwealth's Attorney of Said County
Charlottesville officials appeared in the Circuit Court in August 1914 for an order to annex parts of the Fifeville and Fry's Spring neighborhoods into city limits. The Board of Supervisors was notified of this in a [[Daily Progress]] advertisement on [[May 30]], [[1914]]. <ref>{{cite-progress-lindsay|title=In The Circuit Court of the County of Albemarle, To The County of Albemarle, Virginia; The Board of Supervisors of the Said County of Albemarle, Virginia and R.T. W. Duke, Jr, Commonwealth's Attorney of Said County
|url=http://search.lib.virginia.edu/catalog/uva-lib:2104178/view#openLayer/uva-lib:2104180/5781.5/2153.5/3/1/0|author=Staff Reports|pageno=2|publishdate=May 30, 1914|printdate=May 30, 1914|accessdate=May 30, 2016 from University of Virginia Library}}</ref>
|url=http://search.lib.virginia.edu/catalog/uva-lib:2104178/view#openLayer/uva-lib:2104180/5781.5/2153.5/3/1/0|author=Staff Reports|pageno=2|publishdate=May 30, 1914|printdate=May 30, 1914|accessdate=May 30, 2016 from University of Virginia Library}}</ref>
==1916 Annexation==
City of 3.840 square miles.
On August 1, 1916, Charlottesville became a city of the first-class with the annexation of a large portion of a rural territory surrounding the city of Charlottesville. The City of Charlottesville increased 58 percent in population from 1910 to 1920. The rural portion of Albemarle County during the same period decreased 13 percent.  A part of this loss can be attributed to the annexation in 1916. 
==1938/1939 Annexation==
City of Charlottesville: 6.434 square miles.
Effective December 31, 1938, more than 2,200 former county residents became citizens of Charlottesville following annexation of adjacent Albemarle urban areas of the city. By court order, the annexation order became effective midnight December 31, 1938/January 1, 1939. Under the verdict handed down on November 10, 1938 by the three-judge court appointed by Governor Price, the city was awarded an area which included [[Towler’s Addition]], [[McIntire Park]], [[Carlton Addition]], [[Meadownbrook Hills]], [[Belmont (Big Hill)]], [[Park Street, extended]], [[Ivy Terrace]] and [[Fry’s Spring]] sanitary district. The only contested properties exempt were those of attorney [[Homer Richey]] and attorney [[William Chamberlain]]. Annexation of the University proper was considered by the court in view of the Virginia statue which says the annexed territory must be a compact body, but attorneys for both sides stipulated they did not seek to incorporate the institution. <ref>{{cite-progress-lindsay|title=Annexation Suite is Won By City; U. Va. Exempted|url=https://search.lib.virginia.edu/catalog/uva-lib:2756133/view#openLayer/uva-lib:2756134/4675.5/4309/3/1/0 | author=Staff reports|pageno=A1|printdate=November 10, 1938|publishdate=November 10, 1938|accessdate=September 12, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{cite-progress-lindsay|title=Annexation Suite is Won By City; U. Va. Exempted|author=Staff reports|pageno=A1|printdate=November 10, 1938|publishdate=November 10, 1938|accessdate=September 12, 2019}}</ref>


Albemarle was awarded $48,720 (equivalent to $850,005 in 2019) of the $110,000 it sought from the city for the purpose of applying on proportionate portion of the school, sanitary district and road debts. $9,000 (Adjusted for inflation, $9,000.00 in 1938 is equal to $157,020.63 in 2019) was awarded for damages to [[McIntire School]], the use of which was held impaired by annexation as around 200 pupils would be lost. <ref>{{cite-progress-lindsay|title=More Than 2,200 County People Are Residents Of The City Today|url=https://search.lib.virginia.edu/catalog/uva-lib:2758942/view#openLayer/uva-lib:2758943/752.5/1663.5/3/1/0 | author=Staff reports|pageno=A1|printdate=January 2, 1939|publishdate=January 2, 1939|accessdate=September 12, 2019}}</ref>


==1960==
===1960===
As one of their first acts in 1960, City Council indicated they would seek court action to annex about 2,800 acres of county land in the area from Hessian Hills on Barracks Road to Greenbrier Drive. They hired Lynchburg attorney [[Samuel H. Williams]] to assist their case.  Williams had perfomed similar work for the city of Lynchburg and the city of Harrisonburg. The move was opposed by the [[Board of Supervisors]]. Board chair [[John W. Williams]] told the [[Daily Progress]] that the county should "protect the interests of all the citizens of the county." <ref>{{cite-progress-lindsay|title=Annexation Move Made|author=Staff reports|pageno=A1|printdate=January 5, 1960|publishdate=January 5, 1960|accessdate=January 10, 2016}}</ref> The move was expected to add 4,000 county residents to the Charlottesville tax rolls. <ref>{{cite-progress-lindsay|title=County Hires Attorney for Annex Suit|author=Staff reports|pageno=9|printdate=January 19, 1960|publishdate=January 19, 1960|accessdate=February 8, 2016}}</ref>
As one of their first acts in 1960, City Council indicated they would seek court action to annex about 2,800 acres of county land in the area from Hessian Hills on Barracks Road to Greenbrier Drive. They hired Lynchburg attorney [[Samuel H. Williams]] to assist their case.  Williams had perfomed similar work for the city of Lynchburg and the city of Harrisonburg. The move was opposed by the [[Board of Supervisors]]. Board chair [[John W. Williams]] told the [[Daily Progress]] that the county should "protect the interests of all the citizens of the county." <ref>{{cite-progress-lindsay|title=Annexation Move Made|author=Staff reports|pageno=A1|printdate=January 5, 1960|publishdate=January 5, 1960|accessdate=January 10, 2016}}</ref> The move was expected to add 4,000 county residents to the Charlottesville tax rolls. <ref>{{cite-progress-lindsay|title=County Hires Attorney for Annex Suit|author=Staff reports|pageno=9|printdate=January 19, 1960|publishdate=January 19, 1960|accessdate=February 8, 2016}}</ref>


Line 55: Line 84:
===Proposed charter changes===
===Proposed charter changes===
On January 25, 1960, Delegate [[Harold M. Burrows]] introduced legislation that would require a referendum before Charlottesville could proceed with annexation. <ref>{{cite-progress-lindsay|title=Burrows Proposes New Bill for Vote on Annexation|author=|pageno=|printdate=February , 1960|publishdate=January 5, 1960|accessdate=February 22, 2016}}</ref>
On January 25, 1960, Delegate [[Harold M. Burrows]] introduced legislation that would require a referendum before Charlottesville could proceed with annexation. <ref>{{cite-progress-lindsay|title=Burrows Proposes New Bill for Vote on Annexation|author=|pageno=|printdate=February , 1960|publishdate=January 5, 1960|accessdate=February 22, 2016}}</ref>
==1963 Annexation==
City of Charlottesville: 10.362 square miles.
==1968 Annexation==
City of Charlottesville: 10.442 square miles.
===1980===
In 1980, [[Albemarle County]] received a grant to pay for bus service from the Lake Saponi area to [[Barracks Road Shopping Center]]. One goal was to provide transit service as a way of avoiding future annexations. <ref>{{cite-progress-worrell|title=Albemarle To Open U.S. 29 Bus Route|url=|author=Robert Brickhouse|pageno=A3|printdate=January 30, 1980|publishdate=January 30, 1980|accessdate=January 30, 2017}}</ref>
==1988 Annexation==
== See also ==


==1980==
* [[Albemarle and Charlottesville boundary disputes]]
In 1980, [[Albemarle County]] received a grant to pay for bus service from the Lake Saponi area to [[Barracks Road Shopping Center]]. One goal was to provide transit service as a way of avoiding future annexations. <ref>{{cite-progress-worrell|title=Albemarle To Open U.S. 29 Bus Route|url=|author=Robert Brickhouse|pageno=A3|printdate=January 30, 1980|publishdate=January 30, 1980|accessdate=January 30, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Citizens Committee for City-County Cooperation]]
* [[City-county relations]]
* [[City-County reversion]]
* [[Composite index]]
* [[Revenue Sharing/Annexation Agreement and the Local Composite Index Committee|Local Composite Index Committee]]
* [[Revenue Sharing/Annexation Agreement and the Local Composite Index Committee|Revenue Sharing Agreement]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
<references />

Revision as of 22:50, 16 March 2020

Map of annexations by year
Map of annexations by year. (pdf)
Hand-drawn annexation map from Neighborhood Development Services wall
Hand-drawn annexation map from Neighborhood Development Services' wall.

Annexation was a legal means by which the city of Charlottesville obtained lands in Albemarle County in the 20th century. The process caused much strain in city county relations. 1792 (Old Town) .059 square miles. 1818 square miles. 1860 .271 square miles. 1873 .340 square miles. 1888 1.221 square miles. 1916 3.840 square miles. 1938 6.434 square miles. 1963 10.362 square miles. 1968 10.442 square miles.


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1762 Annexation

1792 Annexation

(Old Town) Charlottesville: .059 square miles.

1818 Annexation

Town of Charlottesville: .087 square miles.

1860 Annexation

Town of Charlottesvill: .271 square miles.

1873 Annexation

Town of Charlottesville: .340 square miles.

1888 Annexation

1.221 square miles.

1914

Charlottesville officials appeared in the Circuit Court in August 1914 for an order to annex parts of the Fifeville and Fry's Spring neighborhoods into city limits. The Board of Supervisors was notified of this in a Daily Progress advertisement on May 30, 1914. [1]

1916 Annexation

City of 3.840 square miles. On August 1, 1916, Charlottesville became a city of the first-class with the annexation of a large portion of a rural territory surrounding the city of Charlottesville. The City of Charlottesville increased 58 percent in population from 1910 to 1920. The rural portion of Albemarle County during the same period decreased 13 percent. A part of this loss can be attributed to the annexation in 1916.

1938/1939 Annexation

City of Charlottesville: 6.434 square miles. Effective December 31, 1938, more than 2,200 former county residents became citizens of Charlottesville following annexation of adjacent Albemarle urban areas of the city. By court order, the annexation order became effective midnight December 31, 1938/January 1, 1939. Under the verdict handed down on November 10, 1938 by the three-judge court appointed by Governor Price, the city was awarded an area which included Towler’s Addition, McIntire Park, Carlton Addition, Meadownbrook Hills, Belmont (Big Hill), Park Street, extended, Ivy Terrace and Fry’s Spring sanitary district. The only contested properties exempt were those of attorney Homer Richey and attorney William Chamberlain. Annexation of the University proper was considered by the court in view of the Virginia statue which says the annexed territory must be a compact body, but attorneys for both sides stipulated they did not seek to incorporate the institution. [2] [3]

Albemarle was awarded $48,720 (equivalent to $850,005 in 2019) of the $110,000 it sought from the city for the purpose of applying on proportionate portion of the school, sanitary district and road debts. $9,000 (Adjusted for inflation, $9,000.00 in 1938 is equal to $157,020.63 in 2019) was awarded for damages to McIntire School, the use of which was held impaired by annexation as around 200 pupils would be lost. [4]

1960

As one of their first acts in 1960, City Council indicated they would seek court action to annex about 2,800 acres of county land in the area from Hessian Hills on Barracks Road to Greenbrier Drive. They hired Lynchburg attorney Samuel H. Williams to assist their case. Williams had perfomed similar work for the city of Lynchburg and the city of Harrisonburg. The move was opposed by the Board of Supervisors. Board chair John W. Williams told the Daily Progress that the county should "protect the interests of all the citizens of the county." [5] The move was expected to add 4,000 county residents to the Charlottesville tax rolls. [6]

In response, Albemarle hired Archibald G. Robertson to serve as is attorney to stave off annexation. Williams said the county needed to protect what consisted of 20 percent of its tax base.

City Council held its first reading of the annexation ordinance on January 18, 1960. [7] The resolution cited nine reasons (see below).

After Council passed the ordinance, it was eventually filed in Albemarle Circuit Court. A special court of three district judges were to hear the annexation suit. [8] [9]

At a February 2 community meeting on the Beaver Creek Reservoir, five of the six supervisors signed a petition asking that the county get a vote as well on whether to be annexed. Williams, whose own St. Annes Road home was within the area to be taken, did not sign the petition but made his views known.

"If the City of Charlottesville is going to have a vote, the victims ought to have a vote and we're the victims," Williams said. [10]

January 18, 1960 resolution

"The City of Charlottesville does hereby set forth the necessity for an expediency of the proposed annexation:

1. That a large part of the territory proposed to be annexed constitutes a highly urbanized area which according to the constitutional and legislative policy of the State of Virginia should be governed by the municipal government of the City of Charlottesville.

2. The area proposed for annexation together with the present city area constitutes a compact body of land peculiarly adaptable to city growth and government and all of the territory is needed in the reasonably near future for the city's development.

3. For a number of years past there has been a rapid residential and industrial development both within the present city limits and in the territory immediately adjacent o the city limits. As a result an increased number of families require suitable areas for housing development beyond the capacity of vacant lands now within the corporate limits, and the many families now living in apartments or small quarters in residential areas within the present city limits require additional territory within the city limits adaptable to residential purposes and affording desirable locations for home sites.

Sufficient land suitable for these purposes and for further industrial and commercial expansion is not now available within the present corporate limits of the City of Charlottesville to accomodate the needs and desires of its present or future population which will be attracted to the city and the adjacent areas in Albemarle County.

Many former residents and newcomers to the Charlottesville have been compelled to establish their residences beyond the corporate limits because suitable or desirable land was not available in the city. Much of the suburban development and subdivision of property into lots has taken place in the territory which is proposed to be annexed, and which lies just outside the City of Charlottesville in line with its inevitable growth.

4. The creation of attractive, efficient, commercial and industrial districts related to desirable and well protected residential districts can only result from an intelligent zoning policy which is applied to the entire area of urban development. This cohesive development can not be accomplished except under city government of the area since no zoning controls exist in the County of Albemarle. Without such controls, there has been an increasing number of mixed, incompatible land uses in the proposed annexation territory which if continued will work to the great detriment of the city and the residents of the area.

This development demonstrates the need for the application of sound planning principles to the land in the proposed annexation area. A single coordinated plan for the division of acquired urban facilities is a requirement for adequate provision initially and efficient operation subsequently. The longer adequate controls are delayed the greater for potential for poorly related or substandard facilities.

5. The people living in the annexation area have their commercial, social, recreational, civic, church and other interests largely within the City of Charlottesville, require daily use of the streets and other public facilities. their interests and welfare are identical with the interests and welfare of the city and are in no way identified with the interest and activity of the county in which they now reside.

As a result the annexation area constitutes with the present city, one homogeneous community which can be more completely, efficiently and economically governed, administered and serviced with a fair distribution of costs by being under and being part of the same local government as will be accomplished through the proposed annexation.

6. In much of the territory proposed to be annexed there is no adequate public system for trash and garbage collection and in portions of comparatively dense population, there is also a lack of effect fire and police protection. As a result of this situation it is necessary for the proper protection of the health and safety of those living within the proposed annexation areas that the area be brought under the health rules and sanitary regulations, police and fire protection of the city.

7. A projection of current growth trends indicates that the small available amount of usable vacant lands within the present city limits capable of so being, will be occupied within a few years. It is not practical or possible to develop much of the city's vacant land because it is either not for sale or topographically it does not lend itself to development.

8. The area proposed for annexation from Albemarle County needs for its proper development the administration of municipal government, equipped and designed to meet the needs for an urban population. The urban community included in the annexation area needs a governmental program for protection against the spread of disease, for the education of its children, for police and fire protection with adequate equipment and personnel, modern sewage treatment, further extension of water and sewer lines where practical, parks and playgrounds a recreational program, a central plan of community development, adequate and proper zoning, electrical, building, fire, weights and measures and other inspection facilities, streets, and garbage collection and disposal.

Such a program is not feasible unless the area affected is under a single governmental control, of modern design, capable of raising public funds by having sufficient taxable values within its jurisdiction. The accomplishment of such a result requires a consolidation of the annexation area within the city through the present proceeding.

9. The area of the County of Albemarle is greatly in excess of 60 square miles and the annexation of proposed territory will not materially affect the governmental functions of the county.

Proposed charter changes

On January 25, 1960, Delegate Harold M. Burrows introduced legislation that would require a referendum before Charlottesville could proceed with annexation. [11]

1963 Annexation

City of Charlottesville: 10.362 square miles.

1968 Annexation

City of Charlottesville: 10.442 square miles.

1980

In 1980, Albemarle County received a grant to pay for bus service from the Lake Saponi area to Barracks Road Shopping Center. One goal was to provide transit service as a way of avoiding future annexations. [12]

1988 Annexation

See also

References

  1. Web. In The Circuit Court of the County of Albemarle, To The County of Albemarle, Virginia; The Board of Supervisors of the Said County of Albemarle, Virginia and R.T. W. Duke, Jr, Commonwealth's Attorney of Said County, Staff Reports, Daily Progress Digitized Microfilm, Lindsay family, May 30, 1914, retrieved May 30, 2016 from University of Virginia Library. Print. May 30, 1914 page 2.
  2. Web. Annexation Suite is Won By City; U. Va. Exempted, Staff reports, Daily Progress Digitized Microfilm, Lindsay family, November 10, 1938, retrieved September 12, 2019. Print. November 10, 1938 page A1.
  3. Print: Annexation Suite is Won By City; U. Va. Exempted, Staff reports, Daily Progress, Lindsay family November 10, 1938, Page A1.
  4. Web. More Than 2,200 County People Are Residents Of The City Today, Staff reports, Daily Progress Digitized Microfilm, Lindsay family, January 2, 1939, retrieved September 12, 2019. Print. January 2, 1939 page A1.
  5. Print: Annexation Move Made, Staff reports, Daily Progress, Lindsay family January 5, 1960, Page A1.
  6. Print: County Hires Attorney for Annex Suit, Staff reports, Daily Progress, Lindsay family January 19, 1960, Page 9.
  7. Web. Charlottesville City Council meeting minutes, .pdf, Council Chambers, City of Charlottesville, January 18, 1960.
  8. Print: Council Set To Act on Annexation Bill, Staff Reports, Daily Progress, Lindsay family February 1, 1960, Page .
  9. Print: Annex Law Enacted, Court Action Delayed, Staff Reports, Daily Progress, Lindsay family February 2, 1960, Page 9.
  10. Print: County Petitions Ask Vote On Annex, Staff Reports, Daily Progress, Lindsay family February 3, 1960, Page 13.
  11. Print: Burrows Proposes New Bill for Vote on Annexation, , Daily Progress, Lindsay family February , 1960, Page .
  12. Print: Albemarle To Open U.S. 29 Bus Route, Robert Brickhouse, Daily Progress, Worrell Newspaper group January 30, 1980, Page A3.